Monday, September 30, 2019
Examining Globalization and Imperialism’s Parallelism Essay
Introduction            Globalization cannot be merely described as a one-time event. Neither can it be defined as a pure passing fad nor a made-up term invented by various economic experts. Globalization is a social experience that has been predicted and expected to occur at the turn of the century. In recent years, it can be observed that not a single day pass by wherein globalization’s direct effects and impacts are not felt. According to Mishkin (2006), the plain and simple act of consuming foreign goods is already reflective of globalization’s power and influence. Globalization’s massive scope and reach further increase with the aid of highly modernized and sophisticated technological materials that are very much capable of breaking the barriers of space and time. Apparently, the global village that was once espoused by the renowned technological determinist, Marshall McLuhan is fast becoming a reality (Garson, 2006). Individuals, regardless of their age, culture, race and social class become connected in this seemingly borderless society.            But while a borderless society may seem to be beneficial to the growth of commerce and trade, geography’s untimely death (Murray, 2006) is clouded with doubts and animosity. Globalization thus presents a double-edged sword wherein its consequences can be either beneficial or detrimental (Collier, 2007). While globalization may actually trigger the rise of different emerging markets, which, in turn would lead to an increase of employment opportunities and product creationâ€â€these scenarios are perceived by globalization critics and detractors as yet another way of widening the economic gap between the rich and the poor. The destruction of geographical parameters enables transnational corporations to easily penetrate poverty-stricken communities with promises of wealth and prosperity. However, on a deeper contextualization of the matter, the luxury and abundance are no less than myths. Realistically speaking, globalization articulates the needs and demands of a capitalistic system that blatantly thrive on exploitation and cheap labor.            Globalization’s seemingly capitalistic nature as well as its wide scope and reach are some of the reasons behind its close association to imperialism. Going back to historical discourses it can be seen that imperialism began in an era wherein land explorations and discoveries were rampant. However, it is also important to note that imperialism in the earlier days was not merely concerned on unraveling new domains and territories. Along with it was the aim to conquer and rule over newly discovered lands and communities, which in turn resulted to territorial disputes and conflicts between Spain and Portugal. The success of each and every exploration equates to having greater chances or possibilities for geographical and economic expansion. The kingdom with the most number of colonies can readily utilized the latter’s natural resources and labor forces. Natives are subject to harsh working conditions in order to feed the colonizers’ economy.            Under these circumstances, indeed, the overt parallelism between globalization and imperialism is very much manifested. Globalization is imperialism redefined. Globalization is imperialism that operates and expands at a faster pace primarily because it is highly supported by sophisticated technology and communication channels (Janssens, 2004). Empires are continuously established by ruling parties. This is despite of Negri and Hardt’s assertion that Empires are different from conventional imperialism wherein the latter needs to distinguish a concrete spatial scope and range, while Empires are basically â€Å"decentralized and deterritorialized (Held & McGrew, 2007).†Based from a critical perspective, the ideological connotations and underpinnings of globalization, imperialism and Empires of Hardt and Negri are all the same, except for the tools used for expansion and the degree or speed wherein expansion materializes. Cultural Imperialism            As globalization or imperialism for that matter, continues to disguise as a worldwide economic approach that seeks growth and development among participating nations, another dilemma occurs. This is something that goes beyond the unequal distribution of wealth and massive exploitation of the workers. As the rally for economic prosperity goes on, globalization has also permeated the cultural boundaries and slowly transformed as an impending threat to timeless beliefs, customs and traditions. Ancient practices that have been long kept and preserved by various indigenous groups are slowly eradicated and given derogatory treatments for such are viewed as no longer applicable or valuable within the context of highly modernized and digital world. This unfortunate situation thus places marginalized groups into very uncompromising situations. Indigenous groups are further pushed into the periphery. The so-called â€Å"globalization of culture (Inda & Rosaldo, 2008),†which, ideally, should promote convergence and connectedness is no less than a strong manifestation of cultural imperialism.            There are three aspects that highly characterize or define the mechanisms of cultural imperialism (Hesmondhalgh, 2002). First, there is an apparent overflow of â€Å"cultural products†that are mostly derived from the West (Hesmondhalgh, 2002). These â€Å"cultural products,†are consistently enforced or spoon-fed to other cultures (Hesmondhalgh, 2002). Since cultural products are widely disseminated and seemingly forced into non-western communities, cultural imperialism thus opens the possibility of cultural homogenization (Hesmondhalgh, 2002). Lastly, the outcomes or consequences of cultural imperialism result to the death of indigenous cultures (Hersmondhalgh, 2002). Given this situation at hand, Sztompka (1993) expressed that cultural imperialism is most likely to affect or influence indigenous groups situated in communities that have had their own share of their colonial experience.            While this discussion sees the importance of sharing the practices of indigenous groups for the sake of awareness and preservation, these aspects become endangered as globalization enters into the limelight. The aim for awareness transforms into close-minded stereotypical views and preservation turns into total eradication. Death of the native tongue            Golding and Harris (1997) discussed that imperialism greatly impacts the use of language. In as far as globalization and imperialism is concerned, the massive utilization of the English language cannot be merely attributed to the fact that it is the so-called â€Å"international lingua franca (Thomason, 2007). Rather, on a closer look, it is an overt manifestation of western dominance and hegemony that readily jeopardizes language multiplicity (Tomlinson, 1999). Held (2000) shared that much of the valuable in formation is written in English. Likewise, such has been the primary medium for instruction in the academe and is very much employed in business communication. In as far as ethnic minorities are concerned, globalization’s emphasis on modernity and connectedness forces the former to learn and use the language (English) to ensure and maintain their â€Å"global competitiveness.†Although appropriations have been made by local or non-western cultures, such as â€Å"Spanglish (Spanish and English) or Hinglish (Hindi and English) (Christensen & Levinson, 2003), for example, appropriations seem to miss the larger picture. Appropriations can be viewed as a direct insult to other languages, for it implies the inability of non-western languages to ascertain competitive advantage not unless they operate under the shadows of the English language. Since many individuals utilize English, minority groups are further marginalized. Its small size cannot possibly go against the majority. Take for example the case Native Americans, the Navajos, which are surprisingly alienated in their own domains primarily because there language orientation differs from the large number of the populace (Baker, 2001). The incorporation of English in Malawi’s curricula also created adverse effects in one of ethnic groups, Lomwe, wherein, the number of its native speaker has experienced a considerable decline (Kaplan & Baldauf, 1999). Obviously, such situations do not only exemplify language dominance. More than anything else, such readily projects cultural homogenizationâ€â€one of the most important determinants of cultural imperialism and / or globalization. Cultural homogenization encourages the rise of a global culture wherein issues of race and ethnicity are no longer deemed important. Consequently in order for a global culture to materialize, there is a strong need for participating entities to converge and interact via a common languageâ€â€which in reality, does not really upholds equality but a plain and pure reiteration of western interests. Global Americanization On the other hand, globalization is also perceived by experts as the seemingly tyrannical assertion of Westernâ€â€or to be more exact, American culture (Horton & Patapan, 2004). This occurs as cultural products in the form of art, music, film, lifestyle etc. continues to infiltrate different communities (Pearson & Simpson, 2004). Although cultural sharing and transmission are very common, the problem with this set-up is that it tacitly imposes the American way of life and perspective, with a total disregard to ethnic roots and practices. This process is described by Pearson and Simpson (2004) as â€Å"Americanization.†Americanization further threatens non-western cultures primarily because it is aided by mass media. The diffusion of values, customs and beliefs rapidly occurs. Basically, Americanization greatly affects and influences the ideological stance of indigenous groups as they are constantly bombarded by images that promote and uphold the grandiosity of the American life. The frequent exposure of natives to western thoughts and ideas can readily affect their views regarding the practices of their respective ethnic groups. As the agenda-setting theory purports, mass media is very much capable of shaping ones views and impose which topics should be deemed important or not (Woodward, 2007). Mass media, under the context of Americanization also operates as a tool for biased and stereotype representations of other cultures. Hollywood for example, is known for its seemingly impartial portrayal of Asians. More often than not, individuals with Asian descents, or to be more specificâ€â€Chinese are often presented as villains in many films (Benshoff & Griffin, 2004). Likewise, Hollywood has also managed to dominate the movie industry of other countries, thus bringing death to local films. Compared to India’s Bollywood, it can be seen that in terms of the number of movies produced, the former readily outnumbers Hollywood (Wasko, 2003). However, since Hollywood has already established itself as the epitome of high quality films, this basically contributes to the decreasing appeal of Indian-made or Asian-made films. In addition to that, the seemingly negative notions attributed to Asians have readily prevented individuals from patronizing not only Bollywood, but also films which are outside the Hollywood enclave. The above-mentioned situation readily impacts the perception of Asians regarding the value and importance of their historical roots. This is most especially true as for the case of individuals whose parents have different ethnic origins. Affected parties are trapped in a situation wherein they have to choose and decide which culture is more superior and which cultural practices should be readily exercised. The matter becomes even more complicated as Americanization leads to intense consumerism of Western products which delimits the role played by local producers. According to Lockard (1998), consumerism is the result of the overlapping segments of both economic and cultural imperialism. Economically speaking, transnational companies Andersen and Gray (2008) implied that commodities such as food and dresses can alter the individual’s attitudes and orientations. Take for example, the case of fast food chains that have emerged in non-Western countries, which, in return, gave birth to a fast-food culture that readily upholds the notion that western products represent progress and modernity (Allen, Albala & Nestle, 2007). The corresponding effect of this is that fast-food culture has transformed the ways wherein food is served and prepared. Those that do not adhere to the practices of fast-food culture are immediately dismissed as way too traditional (Allen, Albala & Nestle, 2007). Allen, Albala and Neslte (2007) mentioned that such scenario has readily taken the attention of concerned parties from China, Mexico and even a progressive country such as France. The noise created by the growing fast-food culture expresses high tendencies of devouring not only the local practices of non-western communities, but also the survival of local individuals that rely on such industry. In the meantime, the apparent decline of musical traditions and oral lore in the Igorot (a Philippine tribe) also signifies the adverse effects of consumerism. According to Reyes (cited in Craig and King, 2002), the introduction of radio in the early 70s exposed the youth western popular music that they can enjoy on a daily basis via purchasing the cassette tapes of their favorite western artists. This situation prevented many Igorots, most especially, the younger generation from taking some time to produce songs, most especially during memorable or special events (Reyes cited in Craig & King, 2002). Since youngsters are bombarded with pre-packaged music, they no longer need to exert extra effort in song making for all they have to do is purchase a copy of their favorite artists and push the play button. The problem with the consumerist approach of Americanization is that it forces indigenous cultures to believe that they actually need the cultural products that are being offered to them. Americanization tends to create false needs in order to serve the western interest. Since Conclusion            Indeed, undoubtedly globalization and imperialism are the same. It subdues both the economic and cultural aspects of indigenous and non-western cultures by using the idea of progress and modernity as a disguise or as a defense. With the availability of sophisticated technology, globalization or imperialism spread much faster thus bringing death to historical practices and customs. Globalization or imperialism also results to identity problems and further marginalization of ethnic groups. The consumer-driven approach have totally bastardized and transformed the cultural expression of indigenous groups into mere commodities that readily lack the artistry and intricacies of traditional works via standardization. References Allen, G; Albala, K. and Nestle, M. (2007). The Business of Food. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Inc. Andersen, R. and Gray, J. (2008). Battleground: The Media. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Inc. Baker, C. (2001). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Benshoff, H. and Griffin, S (2004). America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality at the Movies. Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Christensen, D. and Levinson, D.  (Eds). (2003). Encyclopedia of Community. California: Sage Publications Inc. Collier, P. (2007). The Bottom Billion. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Garson, G. (2006). Public Information Technology and E-governance. Canada: Jones and         Bartlett Publishers Golding, P. and Harris, P. (1997). Beyond Cultural Imperialism Held, D. and McGrew A. (2007). Globalization/ Anti-Globalization: Beyond the Great Divide. Cambridge: Polity Press Hersmondhalgh, D. (2002). The Cultural Industries. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Horton, K. and Patapan, H. (2004). Globalisation and Equality. London: Routledge Inda, J. and Rosaldo, R. (2008). The Anthropology of Globalization. Malden, MA: Blackwell    Publishing Ltd. Janssens, R. 2004. Of Mice and Men: American Imperialism and American Studies. Netherlands:            Amsterdam University Press Kaplan, R. and Baldouf, R. (1999). Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Lockard, C. (1998). Dance of Life. USA: University of Hawaii Press Mishkin, F. (2006). The Next Great Globalization. New Jersey: Princeton University Press Murray, W. (2006). Geographies of Globalization. New York: Routledge Pearson, R. and Simpson, P. (2001). Critical Dictionary of Film, Television and Theory. London: Routledge Reyes, M. (2002). Under Attack: Mass Media Technology and Indigenous Musical Practices in the Philippines. In T. Craig, & R. King, (Eds.). Global goes Local: Popular Culture in Asia (pp. 40-56). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Sztompka, P. (1993). The Sociology of Social Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Thomason, S. (2001). Language Contact: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Wasko, J. (2003). How Hollywood Works. London: Sage Publications Ltd Woodward, G. (2007). Center Stage. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. Â
Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Essay
Answer the following: How do you use the principles of critical thinking in making sexual decisions? Give an example from your own life in which you would use critical thinking to make a decision about sex. Answer with a minimum word count of 200 words. When anticipating what principles of critical thinking in sexual decisions I use it depends on the situation. I need to take into consideration if I am single or in a relationship, also how long I been single or in a relationship for. These things are key factors in how my sexual decision critical thinking is affected. I will use past experiences of when I was single and how I acted are reacted to sexual encounters that that were affected because of my decisions that I made. I have never been the type of person that was going to wait till marriage for sex. My shyness though made it hard for me to experience my first sexual experience. This was due to the decisions I made I was scared of the subject, but acted as if I was not. When I first experienced sex my whole perspective changed, and this altered my decision making for the worse. I was the type of guy before sex that was still caution and always had a condom for protection, just in case it was needed. I did not date much so after the first encounter it was more of something that would happen on occasion. Mt decision making was poorly and my judgments were clouded for the worse. I had no self-respect for myself or the girls I just wanted to get me some. This in return lead me to many problems because I was careless with who I was having sex with protected and unprotected I had no respect for anyone. When I was single and in that time of my life I was experimenting and learning. When I became in a relationship for a short time it made me develop little self-control and respect for myself. Being in a short term relationship though it did not change the fact that I was a human, and in my mind it is human behavior be dominant. This meant that I did not care about occasionally having a affair with the girl that I was with. I felt it was all right because it was in the human nature. Unfortunately that type of attitude stabbed me in my back and my actions got back to me. The girl cheated on me back and I felt ashamed and hurt that she would do that to me. This helped me realize that I was in the wrong and altered my decision making. I am in the present now, and I am in a long term relationship where my critical thinking in sexual decisions plays a huge role in us staying together. I could be the immature person I was years ago when first introduced to sex, but that would lead me nowhere. A long tern relationship revolves around trust and cheating and being dishonest breaks that trust, and you are left with nothing. I can say the relationship I am in today is all because of my past experiences and learning from my mistakes in the past. I have a daughter now at the age of 22, so I know how important it is to have safe sex. I am responsible now, and do not need another child not till later in life. I have learned that everyone has feelings and cheating is not being dominant, but hurting yourself and the one you are doing it to. The greatest thing I have learned is it is not always what you want, and sometimes you need to change your mood to make your partner happy. After all it is a relationship that means it involves keeping you are your partner happy.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Victor Hugo †Les Miserables
Victor Marie Hugo was the son of a general in Napoleon’s army, and much of his childhood was therefore spent amid the backdrop of Napoleon’s campaigns in Spain and in Italy. The first three years of his life were spent in Elba, where he learnt to speak the Italian dialect spoken in the island in addition to his mother tongue. Victor got a little education in a small school. At the age of eleven, Hugo returned to live with his mother in Paris, where he got a little education in a small and where he also became infatuated with books and literature.By the time he was fifteen, he had already submitted one poem to a contest sponsored by the prestigious French Academy. There he learnt much from an old soldier, General Lahorie, who, obnoxious to Napoleon for the share he had taken in Moreau's plot, lived secretly in the house, and from an old priest named Lariviere, who came every day to teach Victor and his two brothers. In 1815, at the age of thirteen, he was sent to a board ing school to prepare for the Ecole Polytechnique. But he devoted himself, even at school, to verse-writing with greater ardour than to study.He wrote in early youth more than one poem for a prize competition, composed a romance which some years later he elaborated into the story Bug Jargal, and in 1820, when only eighteen, joined his two brothers, Abel and Eugene, in publishing a literary journal called Le Conservateur Litteraire. Hugo published his first novel the year following his marriage (Han d'Islande, 1823) and his second three years later (Bug-Jargal, 1826). By the end of 1822 Victor Hugo was fully launched on a literary career, and for twenty years or more the story of his life is mainly the story of his literary output.Because of his successful drama Cormwell, the preface to which, with its note of defiance to literary convention, caused him to be definitely accepted as the head of the Romantic School of poetry. The revolution of 1830 disturbed for a moment his literary a ctivity, but as soon as things were quiet again he shut himself in his study with a bottle of ink, a pen, and an immense pile of paper. For six weeks he was never seen, except at dinner-time, and the result was : The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831).During the next ten years four volumes of poetry and four dramas were published in 1841 came his election to the Academy, and in 1843 he published Les Burgraves, a drama which was less successful than his former plays, and which marks the close of his career as a dramatist. In the same year there came to him the greatest sorrow of his life. His most famous poem was ‘Demain, des l’aube’ in which he describes the crucial moment where he visits his daughters grave. As Hugo grew older, his politics became increasingly leftist, and he was forced to flee France in 1851 because of his opposition to the monarch Louis Napoleon.Hugo remained in exile until 1870, when he returned to his home country as a national hero. He continue d to write until his death in 1885. He was buried with every conceivable honor in one of the grandest funerals in modern French history. The Book – Les Miserable : Hugo began writing Les Miserables twenty years before its eventual publication in 1862. His goals in writing the novel were as lofty as the reputation it has subsequently acquired; Les Miserables is primarily a great humanitarian work that encourages compassion and hope in the face of adversity and injustice.It is also, however, a historical novel of great scope and analysis, and it provides a detailed vision of nineteenth-century French politics and society. By coupling his story of redemption with a meticulous documentation of the injustices of France’s recent past, Hugo hoped Les Miserables would encourage a more progressive and democratic future. Driven by his commitment to reform and progress, Hugo wrote Les Miserables with nothing less than a literary and political revolution in mind.Les Miserables emp loys Hugo’s style of imaginative realism and is set in an artificially created human hell that emphasizes the three major predicaments of the nineteenth century. Each of the three major characters in the novel symbolizes one of these predicaments: Jean Valjean represents the degradation of man in the proletariat, Fantine represents the subjection of women through hunger, and Cosette represents the atrophy of the child by darkness. In part, the novel’s fame has endured because Hugo successfully created characters that serve as symbols of larger problems without being flat devices.
Friday, September 27, 2019
FInancial Eco and Asset Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
FInancial Eco and Asset Pricing - Essay Example Transitivity of preferences suggests that consumer is able to make a choice between different alternatives and these choices are transitivite i.e. if choice A is preferred over choice B and B is preferred over C than A is preferred over C. The choices made by the investors therefore need to follow these axioms in order to make them rational. The assumptions of expected utility hypothesis suggest that out of different choices available to the individual investor, only those choices will be preferred which can offer the highest expected value. The use of the expected utility hypothesis is specially more meaningful under the uncertain risk environment because investors tend to chose those investments which offer the higher expected values. However, higher expected values are often associated with the higher risk also. Considering the above discussion, the different assumptions of the mean variance theory under the simple decision problem as well as on the market equilibrium model sugges t that that at the given mean values, lower variance is preferred whereas at the given variance levels, higher mean values are preferred. Thus the assumptions of mean variance theory and analysis suggest that in any case the investor will be concerned with the mean and variance of his portfolio over the given period of time. The overall shape of the opportunity set however, depends upon the covariance of different assets in the portfolio. Properties of the indifference curve under the mean variance analysis are based on the assumption that the returns are elliptically distributed. Based on this, the optimal portfolio is constructed when the asset returns are tangential to the capital market line. Portfolios with higher returns will be tangential on the upper part of the capital market line suggesting that the higher indifference curves will lie where the overall standard deviation of the portfolio is lower and mean returns are higher. It is also implied from this analysis that for a n individual investor, the optimal portfolio will lie on the CML in such a manner that his total wealth will be divided between the tangency portfolio and the risk free assets. The optimal portfolio however, is achieved where the slope i.e. the sharpe ratio is at the highest. In order to understand as to how the mean variance assumptions help to generate the market equilibrium, it is important to assume the homogeneity of the expectations held by all the investors. According to the two fund separation theorem, all the investors actually held the efficient portfolios and that the holding of risky securities is always done in the same proportion thus in order to generate the market equilibrium, it is important that the market portfolio is constructed by having the same portfolio weights. Under these assumptions the CAPM will therefore generate the market equilibrium in such a manner that the above equation provide the equilibrium relationship between the risk and return under the assu mptions made under mean variance analysis and CAPM. 2) A model is always considered as good if it attempt to provide answers to the different emerging problems and help to sort them out. However, every model is based on certain assumptions under which the different propositions of the model work and if these assumptions
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Prepare an income statement for a small business Essay - 1
Prepare an income statement for a small business - Essay Example In most instances, marketing is also used by marketers as an approach to retain more customers. Therefore, the success of a small business significantly relies on the marketing procedure. Marketing also boosts the sales of a business since, more people will be aware of the product being sold. This also builds a strong reputation of the company. Small businesses also rely on marketing research because; in most cases, the small businesses are found in challenging situations. Businesses should conduct adequate research to ensure a strategic marketing procedure. In marketing, customer segments should be measurable. This means that they should be large enough to constitute a market. The marketer usually faces a challenge when determining how to segment a market. This is because marketing segmentation enables a business to develop effectively. On the other hand, if the marketer is unsuccessful in the marketing segmentation, then, the business can incur collosal losses (Longenecker, Moore, & Petty, 2002). Market segmentation is a way of fine-tuning the target market. An unsegmented strategy is a strategy which identifies the total market as the target market. This strategy is also known as mass marketing. In some cases, this strategy can be productive to a company. However, it assumes that all clients share similar benefit from the products and services of the company. A multisegment strategy is defined as a strategy which recognizes different preferences of individual market segments and develops a unique marketing mix for each. Lastly, there is the single-segment strategy which usually involves the use of a single marketing mix for one market segment (Longenecker, Petty, Palich, & Hoy, 2012). For example, a pen store in the local area uses the unsegmented strategy since; the pen is promoted via a single medium and a broad distribution plan. This shows that only those who
Business Law Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Business Law Problems - Essay Example They argue that people making contracts should take consideration of possible changes in the future in making a contract. Take, for example, two people, where one is a supplier of goods while the other is the buyer. Assuming that the goods or services are to be delivered over a period of time, the costing of the product or service may be affected by economic changes like inflation2. The figure has been changed by about five to ten percent per year for the above. In that situation, the value of goods in this year would not be the same with the value the following year and the year after. In the case of Tabor and Martin, Martin can legally collect the a hundred dollars for the remaining contract because Tabor agreed to the terms. The recent contract or agreement precedes any prior agreements and would not matter whether Tabor had been informed prices would change or not. 3 Soberness: legal experts argue that people abiding through a contract should be sober before signing the agreement. In addition, they should have enough time to go through the contract and raise any contentious issues in the contract. The contentious clauses and issues should be changed for the better of the contract to be binding. Some people have been very crafty and take advantage of others when they are not sober. The example question of Kira selling her diamond necklace to Charlotte for just a hundred dollars yet it is worth thousands of dollars, shows the consequences of signing a contract when intoxicated too well. When a person has signed a contract, it is assumed that they read through the contract and were comfortable with every clause in the contract and that is why s/he signed. Therefore, Kira selling her necklace was a done deal, as long as she signed a contract, and Charlotte can prove. Her necklace could not be returned, even when she offered to refund the money she h ad
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Writing a reflection based on persona poster i created Essay
Writing a reflection based on persona poster i created - Essay Example The use of social technologies however is not only limited in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. We also used it in doing business, doing transaction and research although we may not realize it that we were already using it before the class. For example, when we buy some goods online where there is a camera for us to check it, it is already a use of social media. Checking online for an internship or summer job is already the use of social technology. Of course the class taught concepts about user research. They are however too generalized and I cannot relate to all of them. There are some concepts that are alien to me such as explanation of the hardware used in social technology and there are others that I could very much relate to it such as the application of social technology in social media. But of course, who would not be able to relate to social media with people of my age when almost all of us are engrossed with it. So my understanding of user research is basically personal empowerment. User research provides me with most of the information to become functional and productive as well as to be nonproductive. I mentioned that user research provide me with the most information to become functional because it enables me to do the things that I need to do. For example, user research provides me information needed to complete school works right at the comfort of my home. I can access the library or other books online. I can eve n do transactions online without having to leave my home. This is consistent with my statement when I said that user research makes me productive. I can pay my bills, inquire information about the things that I need to know and even enroll myself in school online which would have taken a lot of time and effort without the facility of user research. Research could also serve as a distraction when I have to surf the net with useless things when I need to finish something such as checking my Facebook
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5
Lab report - Essay Example In this case, a stationary body can obtain kinetic energy from a moving. On the contrary, potential energy is totally not transferable to other body, but it can be converted to kinetic energy. Potential energy is directly connected with forces. If the work done on a body by a force that moves from point A to B is independent of the path between the two points, then the work done by this force is assigns a scalar value on each point in space and referred to as a scalar potential field. This means that the integral equation drawn from the line representing the change of force between these two points can be defined as the negative of the vector gradient and it gives the potential field. This potential field is the equivalent of the change in potential energy between the two points. This explains why the spring’s potential energy is given as a negative value. The negative sign denotes the convection that work done by a force field increase the PE while work applied against the force field reduces the potential energy It is important to note that work is required to either reduce or increase the potential energy of a body. In this case, a change in potential energy principally reflects the work done on the object. Therefore, the integral derivative of a PE function will give the amount of work done. Again the value is given as a negative figure to denote that the work done has reduced the PE possession of the body. 1. A normal pendulum with a few modifications can be used to achieve similar objectives. In this case, a zero position for the pendulum is identified. Since many labs are done on tabletops, the table top is assigned to be the zero height (mean) position. If the tabletop is designated the zero position, then the PE of an object is dependent on its relative height from the tabletop. Therefore, by obtaining the mass of the pendulum and its relative height from the table top, the gravitational
Monday, September 23, 2019
Staffing Organizations Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Staffing Organizations Part 1 - Essay Example Thus, terms of employment will entail permanent employment contracts, in which the employees will have secure provisions for their job positions. The permanent employment-terms fosters employee loyalty and keeps the workers settled as they focus on work; hence, it will allow full concentration of workers at work; hence, effective service delivery (Aswathappa, 2005). Additionally, the business will also institute measures of eliminating conflicts among employees and misunderstandings that may arise at the workplace. However, there will be strict corrective action, including facilitation for verbal warnings, as well as, written documentation as warning for misconduct, to facilitate corrective action that follows legal confines of permanent employment guidelines. There will also be employee performance evaluation and awarding of incentives and feedback to motivate the employees accordingly. The support structure for employees will help develop employee relations with the business, creat ing loyalty and motivation to work effectively. Treating employees less favorably or discriminately based on age, religion, race, sex and disability among others are forms of discrimination under various provisions of law. Therefore, in creating a successful working environment in the business to avoid claims of disparate treatment, the first procedure is to review the state laws concerning termination processes as applicable to the permanent employment terms. This will help in ensuring the business follows due process in terminating the employees who fail to meet the working requirements and expectations without claims of disparate treatment arising. The management will file the issued documentation of warning before termination. Additionally, in factor of employment benefits claims, the business will follow due procedures as stipulated in the state laws and bylaws in the location of the business. Thus,
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Determinant of Supplier Power Essay Example for Free
Determinant of Supplier Power Essay Sony’s Play station 3 is slated to be a next generation computer entertainment console which will provide the facility of playing titles which are available on PlayStation and PlayStation 2. In addition it is also enabling internet connectivity for downloading a variety of games as also access to online games and services. It can support a wide range of NTSC/PAL standards on the TV including high definition TV. (Introducing Play station 3, 2006). Nintendo Nintendo has been an established leader in the interactive entertainment industry for many years. It has successfully sold one billion video games worldwide. It markets hardware and software for its popular home video systems such as the Game Cube and the Game Boy series which the company claims to be the world’s best selling video game system. (History, 2006). The company has been developing its consoles based on technology developments and the needs of the customers. Software is also built up to support the consoles in a consolidated mode. Nintendo entered the American market after the industry had virtually crashed in the 1980’s and exploited the performance play as per Kline, Dyer-Witherford and Peuter (2003) by introducing proprietary standards and denying competition for other players. It also created brand loyalty by having a magazine for its product and also created sustainment lines so that the product was effectively supported after sales, a novel concept in the entertainment industry but which is essential for experiential marketing. This company as per Kline, Dyer-Witherford and Peuter (2003) was the first to close the technology, culture and marketing loop as others followed suit to ape Nintendo. The company has also recently launched a Nintendo WiFi connection which will enable the Nintendo DS owners to connect with gamers around the World and it is reported that over 10 million connections were made available only two months from launching. Its Resident Evil 4 programme on Game Cube was adjudged by many as the best game of the year as per the company. (History, 2006). The other innovation was to develop the company’s programme of Game Play Counselors on the web to provide the gamers and developers instant connect with the company. (History, 2006). Nintendo has also sponsored Digipen program at the DigiPen Institute of Technology which is an accredited college level program for designing video gaming applications. The company has initiated this keeping in view the large number of requests it has been receiving from gamers as well as amateur developers. The company also has a Nintendo Power magazine which communicates with the gamers. Contests such as Player’s Poll care enable the company to get feedback from gamers and also rate its own games for further sponsoring and development. The company has an active forums program from which game ideas are developed (http://forums. nintendo. com/nintendo) Nintendo also has a policy for licensing a number of third party publishers to use its patenting technology, copy rights and trade marks to develop video games (Legal, 2006). Nintendo also has a very powerful community participation program called as NSider forum which provides Nintendo fans a venue for discussion through message boards, posting questions and answers, discussions and email on new activities. This acts as a powerful link between the company, the gamers and the developers. (Community Participation, 2006). Micro Soft Micro Soft has been the latest entrant in the field of console gaming. It has also depended on the resources of developers and consumers to progress its gaming strategy, despite the considerable software resources that the company has at its disposal as the worlds leading legacy software developer. It has two programs which are specifically targeted at the developers and consumers for providing it inputs for game development. Micro Soft Xbox Developer programs enable developers, publishers, tool makers and hardware vendors to support the Xbox and Xbox 360 video consoles. The Registered Developer Program in particular has been designed to allow access to external developers to the hardware and support of Xbox and Xbox 360 and take advantage of the features to develop software and support projects for the Xbox consoles. Xbox Central and Xbox 360 Central web sites permit access to those who have been accepted for this program and also for participation in technical seminars and sessions. (Xbox Developer Programs, 2006) The Xbox 360 Registered Content Creator Program is a similar program which allows freelance content creators access to Xbox 360 content creation tools to enable them to secure projects for Xbox console. These positions are offered by Microsoft Game Studios. (Xbox 360 Registered Content Creator Program. 2006)
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Personal Management Skills Analysis
Personal Management Skills Analysis The term personal skill put forwarded to me something more than the active of certain characteristic for example communication, taking responsibility, being competent of working with others, decision making, negotiating and problem solving, because some others point of view is personal skill are related to a persons natural abilities Sally Dench (1997). I am personally disagreeing with this statement that I believe personal skill can be developed and built on. However, whatever it is my concern is not what I have to be exhibit good personal skills, rather than apprehend about recognizing my hidden personal skills, qualities, values and interests which will assist me to towards achieving goals and appropriate work contexts related to skills that I have already acquired in the past A Level, O Level and last two years that I have been acquired along with BA (Hons) Degree. I have attached all of my entire transcripts in the back page as evidence that I have achieved all those skills through my entire education. Some of the subjects that I did very well shown in table: Personal Traits and Characteristics: To recognize my characteristics I have done several personality test and psychometric tests such as MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), Belbins test, Juhari Window, the Enneagram personality test, Critical Thinking Test (66%), Blanchard Leadership score test (Supporting), Holland Codes and Honey Mumford learning style; some important and leading traits and characteristics are: Personal Audit: Skills Qualities Interest Values Accomplished Management Skill Classified Research Skill Installed Technical Skill Influenced Communication Skill Willing Helpful Friendly Responsible Cricket Sport Listening Music Independence Work Alone Work Overpressure (However, taken as Influenced, helpful, and hardworking) I do consider all the tests that I have done it has made me known about my actual characteristics also I believe on the outcome because the evidence can be, when I was doing MBTI test I came up with same personality traits as the outcome of Juhari Window and Holland Codes. Values and Qualities: According to my personal audit, my values are mainly concerned Independence, Friendship, Work alone, and work in under pressure. My qualities that I precedence are Willingness, helpful to others, responsive, and friendly. Those qualities and behaviour that I have identified are fairly exists with my general shapes and nature of my personal behaviour. However, according to my values and qualities in the current Phase of my life I would put myself in the social stage of Maslows Hierarchy, consequently according to Holland codes test has also evaluated same traits that my social skills is highly priorities. http://thefreeman.net/journal/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/maslows_hierarchy_of_needs2.png Figure : Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Source: http://www.abraham-maslow.com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs.asp SWOT Analysis: Though I have been illustrating and give reasoning about those personality traits, values and quality with agreeing different tests that carried out, but still question remain in a way that which characteristics, values and qualities can be justify highly important for me? In what way may assured those test result wasnt consequences each other? However to rationalized, Strengths, Weaknesses and substantiate all the characteristics, values and qualities more closely I have conducted a 360* feedback reports with taking reaction from myself and others who have been experienced me since Childhood (family members). Feedback questionnaire and report have attached as evidence. Figure : 360* Feedback (concept from Yukl, G and Lepsinger, R. -1995) Myself: Md Abdul Hai Haroon: Hossain Ahmed Suman Hence, the feedback has identified there are some dissimilarities between my point of views and others. For example, everyone agreed with me that I am introvert, helpful, friendly, shy characteristics, have research skill, IT Skill, activist learner, co-ordinator, and performed in overpressure; unlikely was social, Judging mind (critical thinking), have influenced communication skill, and willing. Though all those characteristics, skill, values and quality was evaluated by different tests in a highest priorities, but according to feedback at least five options havent matched. Therefore, the SWOT analysis has carried out (evidence attached) on the basis on build up creative, matching and converting strategies to take advantage of strengths, utilize and exploit from each opportunity, and capitalizing my strength to contain the weaknesses towards to come across my career goals and aspirations. For example one of my highly ranked weakness is I am introvert, thus I need to improve in rela tion to be creative, out of box thinking, long term friendship, and flexible. One of my opportunities is IT skill that I need to use it towards my carrier in a way to surpass my performance. Personal Aspirations Review: Complete my degree and pursue my master in research methods in psychology Highest Need: Self-Actualization Attain my aspiration being a successful researcher Highest Need: Self-ActualizationOccupational or carrier aspiration consign to individuals wish for future employment. Alois Stutzer (2003) describe in the journal of role of income aspirations in individual happiness as peoples individual aspirations are related to two consumptions are income aspirations and individual happiness aspirations. To me the personal aspiration has always been cornerstone of my future to be researcher basis on my personal interest. However, my personal aspirations are as follows: Attain my aspiration being a successful researcher Figure : My Personal Aspirations The achievement that I have done already so far: Carrying on undergraduate degree in business management course with having excellent result towards to achieve my aspiration in research carrier adjust. I have critical thinking knowledge and IT Skill to present information visually and word processing, effective writing skill, for conducting interview often require gracious skills which can evidence that I have inspiring and recognition teachers feedback and tests that I have done. Figure : Strategies to achieve my aspiration After assessing various management tools, tests and models (force field analysis, PEST and SWOT and profit and loss account) as look upon in job specific requirement I need to be carry on more education qualifications. As shown in figure 2 that my current skills and being a researcher require skill almost match. The possible external forces also could affect my career plan shown in figure 5. Figure : PEST Analysis in my Career Planning Labour Market Review: Opportunity for skill use refers to in both level to which a job allows existing skill and develops new ones. It is quit irrelevant that job seeking in researcher occupational level in young age, but job available, opportunity and requirement in the research field is significant to analyse in current situation. Graduate labour market is becoming more and more diverse and scrappy, even job are also becoming more demandable. In central economic survey (CEPR, see CSU, 2000) found that approximately, 30% of the UK graduate were unemployed in 1986 to 1997. Hence, the desire motivation and determination to stick on my career aspiration is necessary. Figure : Threshold Model Available at: http://www.call-center.net/motivating-agents.pdf However, the factors influence in labour market analysed by PESTELE and SWOT attached in portfolio. In CIPD surveys predict that average 67% organizations expect to make vacant in next and within that 71% are private sector. In 2010 14% of organization plan to recruit school level aged 16, 28% again school level aged 18, and less than half 47% intend to recruit graduates. However, there is huge job market for graduates which may advantage according to aspiration. Figure : Graduate Skill Levels over the past five Years Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/default.cipd Opportunity for Researcher Career Prospect: In the journal of graduate employment and underemployment find out that opportunity for skill use and career knowledge amongst current business graduates in rating significantly higher for suitable employed rather than underemployed in relation to those who have five intellectual skills such as critical analysis, research methods, business solving skill, application to new situation, and reflection; furthermore, written communication, literacy, and IT capability were 69% higher opportunity possibility in labour market. However, in this investigation I can hope the career I have chosen there is flourishing future room have been pending. Figure : Appropriate employed vs. underemployed graduates as function of skill requirements of jobs And yet, as a evidence for job availability, wages and requirement in Researcher occupation have been attached in portfolio. Discussion of Aligning between skills/ Aspirations/ current labour market opportunity: However, the identified current skills, characteristics, values and qualities that I have already and required to successful researcher do match to me. For example I have already critical thinking skill; IT skill; I am judging minded, perseverance intellectual curiosity (willing), communication skill, and open mindedness (friendly). The necessitate characteristics, skills, values and qualities are creative, should be able to work as a co-ordinator of a team and to get direction, highly motivated individual, persuade communication skill, judging minded, intellectual curiosity, perseverance, honesty, Open-mindedness, IT Skill to present information visually and word processing, effective writing skill, for conducting interview often require gracious skills. Thus, the shortages I found between required skills for to be successful researcher and current skill that I have already is lack of writing skill, creativity, and Trust Honesty which unknown me and others. However, after completi ng my degree I will improve my lacking to achieve in this respective field I would take change additional options like education, training, voluntary work and self-employment. Shortages: Writing skill, Creativity, Intellectual Curiosity, Trust Honesty, Choice selection Figure : Personal Aspiration and shortages Farmer (1997) characterizes career aspirations as one of three aspects: career and achievement motivation, mastery motivation and career commitment that influence a persons determination and achievement in a career. As I already mentioned to aspiring become researcher its my personal determination and achievement oriented, therefore, to getting position in existing labour market my concern is not to highly demandable and highly turnover wages incentive, rather than finding a position in way to experience and amplifying my knowledge. Current worldwide stress in business and public service, intensifying organizational flexibilities, and job complexity pushing labour market to become competitive vulnerable for job seeker. During the current decades the labour markets have been at the heart of a nexus of three economic progressions: de-industrialization, reorganization of production, and conditions of employment. However, the changing environment has led to companies requiring highly skills, less turnover and relevant qualification are fundamental important. Lazear and Oyer (2004) demonstrated that there are two kinds of smoothness in modern labour markets ex ante and ex post. The ex post labour fluidity refer to internal labour market which mean worker are hired into ports-of-entry and senior level place are filled from within. Ex ante fluidity consign to the flexibility of labour markets for workers at the beginning of a carrier. However, in this circumstances my concern will be searching job in the ex ante fluidi ty consign labour markets. Furthermore, also reason behind to choose and suitable for me to flexibility labour market because the future of the external labour market, firm that hire internally and wages movement will be consistent, shown in figure 10. Figure : Identification of labour market fluidity (Lazear, E.P. and Oyer, O.- 2004) Personal Action Plan: I have summarized my personal action plan to achieve my aspiration in the table format to become a valued Researcher within next 7-10 years time.
Friday, September 20, 2019
The Debate Regarding The Hijab Theology Religion Essay
The Debate Regarding The Hijab Theology Religion Essay Literature on this topic is abundant as research has been conducted globally on the topic of the hijab as to the reasons why women should and should not wear the hijab. The research conducted was made possible through the use of surveys, interviews, questionnaires and observations. Katherine Bullock in particular, a Canadian community activist, author and lecturer did extensive research on the topic of the hijab and published her findings in the form of a book called Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil which challenges Historical and Modern Stereotypes. She has also published articles on Muslim women and the media, and Islam and political theory. Purposes of the research The objectives of the study are to examine if the dominant negative Western perception affects the reasons why the Muslim community is divided on the subject of hijab. This research addresses the concern for a dialogue that could inform westernised societies about the personal reasons why some female Muslim students wear hijab and why others do not. I want my research to be meaningful, relevant to local communities and to open my mind and that of others by being taught through research and personal interviews about the subject. Scope and limitations This study was conducted in a very short period of time with a very small sample group as the pool of participants was limited to the Muslim students at TSiBA Education. The data set is meaningful, but not representative of the vast range of Muslims in different contexts. It will however show a diversity of views within a common theology and faith. A more sizable sample within the target group would have provided a larger and more conclusive amount of data. This can have a bias that favours the educated and the youth of Cape Town. Another limitation of my study, was that all of the participants belonged to one ethnic group being from the race regarded in South Africa as Coloured. This was due to the fact TSiBA Education is a relatively small university whose Muslim female population is a fraction of the total students of which there were no Muslim women from a different race or culture. The research conducted could have benefitted from a more diverse pool of applicants. Plan of development This research report was compiled in the following manner. Firstly I provide my literature review which I put together for the purpose of exploring what has previously been written on the topic so that you and I may learn from it and be aware of it as we go about this research. Secondly I made a survey form of 3 pages long that contained relevant questions which I derived from the process of compiling the literature review. Thirdly, At random I selected 10 Muslim women studying at TSiBA to be my participants and followed through by conducting my survey about each one of them. Lastly, I analyzed the data obtained from the surveys and make this information available to you while also comparing my research findings to the findings derived from my literature review. METHODOLOGY Literature review The first piece of work I did was conducting research on the topic of the hijab in order to compile a literature review. My literature review took a significant amount of time in relation to how long the actual research demanded. Information was abundant regarding the topic of hijab, modernization, the dominant Western perception and the medias role in the portrayal of Muslim women that I found it particularly challenging to sift out important points from the all information available. My literature review saw two sessions of editing with my Communications lecturer who helped me construct and organized the important information once I identified it. Participation The target group for the research was initially 20 South African Muslim women between the ages of 18 and 40. This age group was the target of this study because they were the current generation of TSiBA students and were experiencing modern South Africa in a time when it seemed there was an ever increasing influx of Western culture after Apartheid. The age group is also likely to include married women who might be inclined to think differently about the hijab as their marriage might have changed the way each looks at the hijab. The participants of my research were all female as I had hoped, but unfortunately all of them belonged to one ethnic group being from the race regarded in South Africa as Coloured. There were 2 married women, and 8 unmarried women. 5 of them wore hijab and 5 of them were women who choose not to. Method of data collection One method of obtaining data was employed. The research draws on qualitative data from comprehensive surveys conducted on 10 Muslim students regarding hijab. The survey was constructed in a manner that it took students approximately 5 minutes to complete. After many different drafts of the survey I went to the Tertiary School in Business Administration (TSiBA) Education to distribute the final version. My survey included the opinions of both young women who wear the hijab and those that do not. I did not ask for names in any section of the survey to ensure the anonymity of all my human subjects. In the end I collected 10 surveys in total which was a smaller sample group than I had initially hoped. After gathering the surveys, I analyzed the results manually. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The debate regarding the wearing of religious garb in public, specifically coverings worn by Muslim women has increased over the past few years resulting in a lot of controversy among those who agree with the practice and those who do not (iqraonline.net). Hijab is seen all over the world, especially in places with a high concentration of practicing Muslims. The hijab has resulted in severe media disputes and now denotes the difference of cultures. The French, along with the west expected that the hijab would pass away into history as westernization and secularization took root. However, in the Muslim world, especially among the younger generation, a great wave of returning to hijab was spreading through various countries. This current resurgence is an expression of Islamic revival (Nakata, 1994). The Topic of Hijab External to South Africa The views of feminists The Western media and feminists often portray the hijab as a symbol of oppression and slavery of women (www.al-islam.org). A theory of Orientalism has been in existence since 1978 which argues that the Muslim population is deemed backward, uncivilized beings who are outcasts in Western society (Said, 1978). Many feminists, both Western and Islamic argue that the hijab is a symbol of gender oppression and that the Islamic veiling of women is an oppressive practice. Fadel Amara, an Islamic feminist and Muslim female member of French government describes the burqa as a prison and a straightjacket which is not religious but is the symbol of a tyrannical political project for sexual inequality (King, 299.). Feminists argue that public presence and visibility is important to Western women. This overlaps sexism and racism as well as there are two arguments made by feminists who are divided on the topic of the hijab. a) The argument of oppression One argument is for hijab to be banned in public as they encourage the harassment of women who are unveiled and because public presence and visibility represents their struggle for economic independence, sexual agency and political participation. In the Western culture, celebrities are regarded as trend-setters defining what is acceptable. The hijab is therefore also seen as a problem because it poses challenge to the view of unconventional visibility and freedom of self-expression. (www.theage.com). Although it is true that many women do choose to wear the hijab, it is not the case for all women. In many Middle Eastern and North African countries women are forced, persecuted and abused for noncompliance with the hijab. This was demonstrated in Pakistan where an extremist killed a womens activist and government minister because she refused to wear the hijab. King states, From Afghanistan to Algeria to Sudan, Pakistan and Iran- women are systematically brutalized and caught in a deadl y crossfire between the secular and fundamentalist forces. Some Islamic feminists argue that although the statement in the Quran about women covering themselves was not meant to oppress women, the interpretation of those verses by Islamic societies does in fact oppress women. Although it can be argued that the hijab is a symbol of the oppression that occurs against women in Islam, many Islamic women dont agree. It is true that under some Islamist rule, specifically in some North African countries, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia women are oppressed and forced to wear the hijab, but in an international context, this is the exception to the rule regarding womens practices of wearing the veil. Salma Yaqoob, a Muslim woman who chooses to wear the hijab explains the veil is not only an oppressing force in Islamic countries that require the veil, but also in Western countries that ban the veil. Yaqoob adamantly contends that by infringing laws that restricts womens choice on whether or not to wear the veil, they are also being oppressed. I am opposed to the Saudi and Iranian governments imposition of the veil and that of the Taliban previously. But this is also why I oppose the ban on wearing the hijab. In both cases the woman herself is no longer free to make a choice. In both cases her dignity is violated.. Yaqoob explains that more women are currently banned from wearing the hijab, than are required to wear it. b) The argument of liberation It can be argued that rather than oppressing, the hijab is liberating. The second argument made by feminists supports the argument of fundamentalist Islamic leaders who argue that Muslim women have the right to choose to wear or not to wear a hijab as it is part of a Muslim womans duty to wear a hijab. These feminists demand that the French ban be withdrawn because they believe the oppressing force behind the veil is when authority figures, both Islamic and Western, take away a womans right to choose. They defend the veil as a mark of agency, cultural membership, and defiance. Tayyab Bashart, a feminist scholar and Muslim who teaches in France explains her beliefs A woman in hijab, who is a functioning member of society, symbolizes an empowered, independent woman, rather than someone who lacks self-determination and is a puppet of society (Basharat, 2006). The veil itself is just a piece of cloth. Human beings interpret the hijab according to social and religious constructions. Throu gh the Western discussion and banning of the hijab in public schools, the Muslim school girls of France lose their freedom to express their spirituality. The desired effect of the 2004 law is to fight gender oppression and inequality in the public school system, but as a residual effect, it actually diminishes womens freedoms rather than enhancing them. The law on the headscarf supports the oppressing Western discourses about veiled women and attempts to Westernize French Muslim schoolgirls. Western Governments In Islamic countries like Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Iran, the full covering, more commonly known as the burqa, has been made compulsory upon female citizens. In contrast to this, the unwillingness to understand the religion and culture of Muslims has resulted in traditional clothing such as the burqa and the hijab being banned with the hope of Westernised societies achieving secularism in Islamic countries. Katherine Bullock shines light on the differences in judgment over hijab by having identified themes from her research on women and the religion of Islam. She divides these themes into the descriptions of those who are for and those who are against the hijab. According to Bullock, critics of the veil rely on secular liberal assumptions about society and human nature and therefore the veil is supposed to be and described as a symbol of oppression because it: Covers up (hides), in the sense of smothering, femininity Is apparently linked to the essentialized male and female difference (which is taken to mean that by nature, male is superior, female is inferior); Is linked to a particular view of womans place (subjugated in the home); Is linked to an oppressive (patriarchal) notion of morality and female purity (because of Islams Emphasis on chastity, marriage, and condemnation of pre- and extra-marital sexual relations); Can be imposed; and Is linked to a package of oppressions women in Islam face, such as seclusion, polygamy, easy male divorce, unequal inheritance rights. Western countries has developed this view and disregarded other views of what public visibility may be to different women with differing beliefs. (www.theage.com). An example of this is that France has decided upon the banning of the hijab to be worn in schools. Frances 2004 law, popularly refered to as the law on the headscarf, reveals the difficulty of respecting conflicting ideas between diverse communities, especially when one community, in this case the Muslims of France, is a minority. According to this law, female students are banned from wearing the hijab as well as all other openly religious symbols in public schools. France bans women from wearing the hijab in public schools because many feminists and lawmakers argue that veiling women serves as an oppressing force, a force that silences women. Alia Al- Saji states in her article The Racialization of Muslim Veils: A Philosophical Analysis many feminists see the headscarf As a symbol of Islamic gender oppression that à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦should be banned from public schools, a space where gender equality is presumed (or desired). Supporters of the law believe it fights gender oppression and gives equality to women in the school system. Media attitudes in reporting Islam and hijab While the media cannot be the only party held accountable or blamed for societal attitudes towards smaller cultures and religions, theses media moguls create the lens through which reality is perceived (Bullock Jafri, 2000). Western media sees itself as a democratic powerhouse and therefore is frequently answerable for legitimising and distributing racism and bias against religious communities such as Muslims (Bullock Jafri, 2000). The media in Westernised socities portrays Muslims as tricky, sleazy, sexual and untrustworthy, as uniformly violent, as oppressors of women, and as members of a global conspiracy (Bullock Jafri, 2000). For example, in 1998 a shift was noted regarding the European medias depiction of women who wear the hijab. Veiled women were no longer portrayed as exotic but instead as a threat to society (Macmaster Lewis, 1998,). This highlights the contrasting representations of Muslim women as concurrently being oppressed and threatening. In 2005 Begum argues that these images of Islamic dress were increasingly used in the media as visual shorthand for treacherous extremism, and that Muslims living in Europe were suffering from the consequences of these associations (Begum, 2005). The increase of these media portrayals and political deliberation has segregated the Muslim community and had a further disruptive effect on society and feminism at large. (Begum, 2005) Since then, the media in France reported on a women who was suspended for wearing a hijab under her hat while working as a meter reader, a fashion show of veiled women that was banned, the hindrance of hijab-wearing mothers from volunteering in schools, the refusal of cafeteria service to a student wearing a hijab and the banning of a witness to a civil service wedding from signing the documentation based on the argument that hijab prevented her from proper identification. Many authors on this topic dispute that because of the medias cultural fascination with Muslim womens dress as symbols of oppression, Muslim women often have to resort to focusing on that facet of their identity as well, even if they would rather discuss something else. These authors state that even cases of responsible journalism have a propensity to devalue Muslim women. This is because Muslim women are primarily depicted as exotic, victimised, or threatening outcasts rather than your ordinary peaceful next door neighbours. (www.reportingdiversity.org.) It is evident that the hijab remains a hot topic in Western countries and that the wellbeing and identities of Muslim women in Westernised societies are related to the wearing of the headscarf as a consequence. The Topic of The Hijab Within the Muslim Community The opinions of Muslim women vary in their decision about whether or not to wear the hijab. The hijab, according to many Muslims, has multiple uses and meanings. The hijabs symbolism is one of modesty and morality. According to Islam, the hijab functions as a shield for a woman against the lustful gaze of men. The hijab also serves as a cover to preserve the modesty and piety of the woman, as that is her main role as stated in the Quran. The most basic debate over the hijab is over the requirement of the hijab. This is an issue that is debated by many Muslim scholars. First in order to understand why there is an issue it is important to understand the power of the Quran. The Quran is the word of God brought to humanity by his last messenger the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Islam is the religion of total submission to Allah (God the Father) and obedience to Allah. As the Quran is Gods word then it also means total submission and obedience to Quran. The first issue with the requirement of the hijab comes from whether the hijab is in the Quran or not. There are two sides to this argument; there are those who say that the hijab is a requirement because it is in the Quran and those who say that it is not because it is not part of the Quran Reasons why Muslim Women wear the hijab The laws of the Quran Amr Khaleds, a popular Islamic scholar, layman, and highly influential Muslim speaker, represents the school of thought that considers the hijab to be directly in the Quran and thus a requirement for Muslim women. He quotes these Quranic verses that make the hijab obligatory to Muslim women. O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies. That will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so as not to be annoyed. And ALLAH is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (Surah 33: verse 59). In this verse women are told to cover their bodies so that they should be known as modest women and are not harassed. According to Amr Khalads lecture Al-Hijab, the hijab also serves the purpose of forcing men to not sexually objectify women but to see her as a vessel of intelligence and high moral values. Khalad says that the hijab reinforces the fact that Islam has placed the beauty of a female on a higher value in the eyes of men by providing protection of her beauty from uncontrolled lusts and desires, and instead ordering men to respect greater the inner beauty of her soul. Thus, the real value of women is associated with the degree of her modesty and her abidance by it (Khaled Al-Hijab). Yaqoob states her personal reasons why she wears the veil, For me, the wearing of the hijab denotes that as a woman I expect to be treated as an equal in terms of my intellect and personality and my appearance is relevant only to the degree that I want it to be, when I want it to be.. This is the traditional Islamic rational for the hijab and why it is important in Islam (Khalad AlHijab). A symbol of resistance A study about hijab in the West also provides another theory that I believe can also be applied in South Africa because it is a country heavily influenced by the West. The idea of the hijab as a symbol of resistance is explored by Tarik Kulenovic but not necessarily one that is strictly political. Tarik Kulenovics theory suggests that the hijab in the West is a matter of identity, a physical symbol of a womans Muslim identity. This symbol also carries a message of religiosity in a modernizing society which encourages a secular life style and scorns tradition. Kulenovic asserts that the modern identity of Muslim women, which includes the wearing of the veil, is primarily the identity of resistance to the values that individuals find foreign to them and as such imposed on them (Kulenovic, page 717). Thus, in modern society, the hijab can be thought of as a means of retaining a religious life style while assimilating to the demands of the modern world. Another reason women choose to wea r the hijab is that they find that the hijab serves as an empowering factor. The Interpretation of the hijab by those who wear it Katherine Bullock, through her research, provides some reasons why women wear the hijab. The hijab to these wearers: 1. Does not smother femininity; 2. Brings to mind the different-but-equal school of thought, but does not put forward essentalized male-female difference; 3. Is linked to a view that does not limit women to the home, but neither does it consider the role of stay-at-home-mother and homemaker oppressive; 4. Is linked to a view of morality that is oppressive only if one considers the prohibition of sexual relations outside marriage wrong; 5. Is part of Islamic law, though a law that ought to be implemented in a very wise and women-friendly manner, and 6. Can and should be treated separately from other issues of womens rights in Islam. Spirituality Some women have a deep spiritual and religious connection to the veil and firmly disagree with the view of it as a sign of oppression. Many Muslim women feel uncomfortable without wearing it because the hijab is deeply-rooted in their personal values and religious tradition. A main reason women choose to wear the hijab, is as expression of spirituality. Bashart states in his book that Muslim women carry with them their sacred private space into the public space by use of the Hijab. In this view of the hijab, the veil is not simply an article of clothing; or a symbol of oppression it is a tool of spirituality for women. Fadwa El Guindi, author of The Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance, says veiling patterns and veiling behaviour are. about sacred privacy, sanctity and the rhythmic interweaving of patterns of worldly and sacred life, linking women as the guardians of family sanctuaries and the realm of the sacred in this world Reasons why Muslim Women do not wear the hijab In the Quranic this verse although it says to draw the cloak all over their bodies, it does not specifically say the hair. In addition, it does not specify in what way, to what extent, and in what manner women should cover themselves. There are many modern alternative views to this idea that the hijab is compulsory because it is in the Quran. For example, Dr.Reza Alsan, an internationally acclaimed writer and scholar of religions, the founder of AslanMedia.com and also one of the leading scholars in the alternative view, considers the hijab not an obligatory aspect of being a Muslim woman. Aslan claims that the hijab is shockingly not compulsory upon Muslim women anywhere in the Quran. Instead he claims that the veil was an Arab culture before the arrival of Islam, through contact with Syria and Iran, where the veil was the sign of the upper class women. According to Lelia Ahmed and those who fall in the second school of thought like Aslan, the only places that the hijab is applied t o women is when it is addressing the wives of Prophet Muhammad. Thus the veil was only associated with the prophets wives and his daughters not all women of Islam. This school of thought does not deny that modesty was expected of all believers. Believing women are instructed to guard their private parts and drape a cover over their breasts when in the presence of strange men (Surah 24:31-32) as quoted by Aslan. Here specific parts of the body are named that women should guard and cover including the private parts and the breast but the hair is not mentioned. Thus those in this school of thought like Leila Ahmed and Reza Alsan do not believe that the hijab is mandatory for Muslim women because it is not mentioned in the Quran. Conclusion of Literature review This research investigates the reasons why the Muslim community is divided on the subject of the veil and if the dominant negative perception of hijab (as the hijab being oppressive) has affected, if at all, the wearing of hijab in TSiBA Education. In the attempt to answer this question, the research has presented two hypotheses: (1) Living in South Africa, a country with great Western influence, causes some Muslim women to fear wearing the hijab and to abandon it all together (2) Some Muslim women choose to wear the hijab for spirituality reasons despite constant the pressures of the West Data obtained from the research My data collection was a result of 10 surveys this research revealed that my two hypotheses were in agreement with a majority of this small sample of subjects. The data collected represents the opinions and beliefs of a total of 10 human participants which is 50% of the total intended target group. Thus, the data collected must only be interpreted as speculative and cannot be assumed applicable to all Muslim women or all Muslim female students. What constitutes the debate Regarding the Hijab and what pressures are felt by Muslim women studying at TSiBA Education: A point of view unknown to me before starting my research was that there are Muslim women who did not know that there were differing interpretations about what the hijab is tangibly. In fact, from the surveys it is evident that amongst Muslims there is a concept of a correct hijab and an incorrect hijab. Before my research commenced, the purpose of the research was not intended to identify whether my target population was aware that many Muslims have differing beliefs about what hijab is tangibly. 60% of participants claimed that the correct physical hijab is a head scarf and long loose fitting clothing that conceals the shape of the body and everything but the face and hands. Interesting to note is that four of the 10 answered that all forms of wearing hijab including: a. just covering your hair b. covering your face and hair c. covering your hair and wearing loose clothing are acceptable. 3 of the 5 women who claim to wear hijab said they wear a fashionable coloured hijab. I find these results consistent with my observations which are that tight, colourful head-scarves worn with jeans and a blouse are the most popular hijab style worn by the females on the TSiBA Campus and throughout the University-going Muslim women in Cape Town. The fact that surveyed two married mothers may have resulted in that they would be more likely to wear a more modest and more Islamically correct hijab. Hijab Decisions The rationale for why women do or do not wear the hijab in this study is very interesting. 40% of my participants said they decided to wear the hijab by choice for purely religious reasons because they wanted to submit to Allah. Reasons For Wearing the Hijab Five of the 10 participants wore the hijab of which 3 participants said that they strongly agree that they wear the hijab for religious reasons while 2 participants said they agree that they wear it for religious reasons but that religion is not the main reason why they wear the hijab. Culture From this data we can deduce that 3 out of the 5 Muslim wear the hijab even though the hijab makes them feel like they dont fit in with their peers. 1 person however does feel that she fits in with her peers and in her community because she wears the hijab. Security The hijab makes all five participants who wear the hijab feel protected and safe in public. 3 of them strongly agreed while 2 agreed. Interesting to note is that five of the 17 answered that all forms of wearing hijab including: a. just covering your hair b. covering your face and hair c. covering your hair and wearing loose clothing are acceptable.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Distortion in Brave New World Essay -- Brave New World Essays
Distortion in Brave New World  Distortion is an image of a thought or idea that appears to have a single affect on a society, but in actuality provides one that is totally different. Often times in order for readers to understand the realism of today's society and the point that the author tries to make in presenting its flaws, the writer must distort reality. In doing this he urges the reader to engage in a deep thought process that forces them to realize the reality of a situation, rather than perceiving it to be good or evil based on the dilutions of individuals. In his novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses tomorrow's dystopia and distorts it by creating a utopian visage. By distorting religion and science, Huxley allows readers to realize the happiness that the inhabitants feel is in actuality the unhappiness they are trying to avoid.             Huxley's brave new world loathes the pain and agony of religion, as well as the complications that it creates; but in reality the inhabitants have a rigorous... Distortion in Brave New World Essay -- Brave New World Essays Distortion in Brave New World  Distortion is an image of a thought or idea that appears to have a single affect on a society, but in actuality provides one that is totally different. Often times in order for readers to understand the realism of today's society and the point that the author tries to make in presenting its flaws, the writer must distort reality. In doing this he urges the reader to engage in a deep thought process that forces them to realize the reality of a situation, rather than perceiving it to be good or evil based on the dilutions of individuals. In his novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses tomorrow's dystopia and distorts it by creating a utopian visage. By distorting religion and science, Huxley allows readers to realize the happiness that the inhabitants feel is in actuality the unhappiness they are trying to avoid.             Huxley's brave new world loathes the pain and agony of religion, as well as the complications that it creates; but in reality the inhabitants have a rigorous...
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Personal Narrative Teaching Education Essays
Philosophy Declining, decaying, and disappearing are just a few of the words that can be used to explain the emphasis put on art programs in schools. Art is not seen as a necessity. Standardized tests are now dictating not only what is taught in school but what is more important to teach. Seldom do you see a question pertaining to art or even art’s history on a standardized test. I think that art is a very important subject. Not only does it act as a creative outlet allowing students to express feelings that may be forbidden to act on, but art is deeply rooted in our history from the cave paintings first found in France to the modern uses in advertisement. Our world would be boring without art right down to our cornflakes because they would no longer have a rooster on the box. The fact that I think that art is important is just one reason why I would like to be a teacher. More importantly, I want to do what I love and teach others how to do it as well. As generic as it may sound, I want to broaden students’ minds by teaching them that art is a serious creative process. I want them to understand that they can use it to speak, especially when they think no one is listening. In fact until recently, I never wanted to be a teacher at all. I wanted to be a doctor. However along the way, I have had so very inspiring teachers who had a great impact on me. I want to do what I love. I want to be around people, and I want to be around art. I am pursuing a degree in Art Education K-12 and plan to get a masters degree in art once I graduate from Concord College. My ultimate goal is to teach at a high school locally. I feel that the rural schools in this area do not challenge their students enough and do not provide them with information on the various opportunities available to them after graduation. I also realize that the local culture can be blind to the value of art. Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Personal Narrative Teaching Education Essays Philosophy Declining, decaying, and disappearing are just a few of the words that can be used to explain the emphasis put on art programs in schools. Art is not seen as a necessity. Standardized tests are now dictating not only what is taught in school but what is more important to teach. Seldom do you see a question pertaining to art or even art’s history on a standardized test. I think that art is a very important subject. Not only does it act as a creative outlet allowing students to express feelings that may be forbidden to act on, but art is deeply rooted in our history from the cave paintings first found in France to the modern uses in advertisement. Our world would be boring without art right down to our cornflakes because they would no longer have a rooster on the box. The fact that I think that art is important is just one reason why I would like to be a teacher. More importantly, I want to do what I love and teach others how to do it as well. As generic as it may sound, I want to broaden students’ minds by teaching them that art is a serious creative process. I want them to understand that they can use it to speak, especially when they think no one is listening. In fact until recently, I never wanted to be a teacher at all. I wanted to be a doctor. However along the way, I have had so very inspiring teachers who had a great impact on me. I want to do what I love. I want to be around people, and I want to be around art. I am pursuing a degree in Art Education K-12 and plan to get a masters degree in art once I graduate from Concord College. My ultimate goal is to teach at a high school locally. I feel that the rural schools in this area do not challenge their students enough and do not provide them with information on the various opportunities available to them after graduation. I also realize that the local culture can be blind to the value of art.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Enterprise It at Cisco
Data, Models and Decisions (2012 IMBA FDMS) Homework Assignment VI 2012-11-7 Solve the problems in the POSIDON, INC case module on page 184 of the textbook. [Remark]: You only need to answer the questions, rather than prepare a case write-up. The Excel file â€Å"Homework6-1_POSIDON. xls†containing the data for the case has been uploaded to the MBA portal. Finish the following exercise: E1. A study by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) found that 23. % of adults are smokers and that roughly 70% of those who do smoke indicate that they want to quit (Associate Press, July 26, 2002). CDC reported that, of people who smoked at some point in their lives, 50% have been able to kick the habit.Part of the study suggested that the success rate for quitting rose by education level. Assume that a sample of 100 college graduates who smoked at some point in their lives showed that 64 had been able to successfully stop smoking. a) State the hypotheses that can be used to determine whethe r the population of college graduates has a success rate higher than the overall population when it comes to breaking the smoking habit. (b) Given the sample data, what is the proportion of college graduates who, having smoked at some point in their lives, were able to stop smoking? Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion. (c) What is the p-value? At ? = 0. 01, what is your hypothesis testing conclusion? E2.The demand of a certain kind of pen in Fudan student supermarket last year obeys a distribution with an average 27 per day. This year the price of such pen decreases by ? 0. 5. A random sample containing 6 days’ purchase amount is recorded. The data is 29, 28, 31, 26, 27 and 30. The manager hopes to know if the average demand of such pen increases this year. Could you offer any suggestion? Write down the necessary assumptions for your suggestion. (Hint: Use hypothesis test. ) [Remark]: Homework assignment VI is due on November 21 during the lecture. 1
Monday, September 16, 2019
Gender Inequality Essay
Gender inqualities often stem from social structures that have instiutionalized conceptions of gender differences. Gender inequality has been around for centuries. In many family homes, their lives evolve around gender roles. The responibilties in the family are allocated to their sex (gender). There are certain tasks which are usually allocated to males and females. Some see this division as biologolical differences between the sexes and others see it happening in cultural backgrounds. There are sociological theories that have tended to see gender roles as natural and inevitable. Talcott Parsons, suggested that within the modern nuclear family it was essential that one parent, (the father) performed the instrumental role of the leader and provider whilst the mother performed the expressive role of giving psychological support and taking responsibilty for socialising children. This made sense because women give birth to and nurse their children. It’s a typical sterotype, that is engrained in both men and women. Gender is seen closely related to the roles and behaviour assigned to women and men based on their sexual differences. As children we learn and adapt to specific gender roles, and as we grow they become more evident and more important to our role in a society. There is more married women that work outside of the home and some men spend more time at home with their families. Martial roles have become increasingly similar. Historians of the family have made it show how gender roles in the family are socially constructed. The roles pllayed by men and women in any history poont may seem natural and inevitable. When you look back to the past, you see how much its changed according to the reguirements of society and the needs of families at particular times. During the latter of the 20th century the views began to change but still stained ideologies from the past they still exist ath the brink of the 21st century. 82% of women (wives and girlfriends) still do the housework according to a new study in Britain, but when it comes to housework, we are back in the 50s. For the females of today we can pretty much do anything we like, join the army, be a prime misiter, run a company or be a stay at home mum. As the new century, today, we see a greatly altered family landscape in which dual-income and single parents families outnumber the ascendant two-parent, one-earner in the household. There is more single parent families nowadays. So they would be taking on the roles as the breadwinner and home maker. But its not just women doing this, there is a lot of men as single parents and broken families that have to take on these roles. So a lot has changed over the years. And there is more and more working parents. Gender role and inquality is not just geared towards women but also men. As much as women face inqualities, ther are many aspects about the world that’s is unfair towards men. The question remains, â€Å"will men and women ever be found equal? †My answer, no. Men and women are simply too different to be considered be treated the same. Yes, I do believe that men and women should be paid the same, and given equal and all opportunity, but as far as the biological sense goes men and women have two completely different biological makeup. It is scientifically true that women are more nurturing whereas men are found to be much more competitive and aggressive. That is not to say that those traits can not be mixed upon the two genders, but there is still too much that keeps gender separate. In some culturals, gender inequality will never change for most. The women are to stay at home, raise the family and do the household chores. In some of theses culturals domestic violence accurs and the women keep quiet about it because they cant leave because its discrimmination to their society and most culutrals don’t allow women to get a divorce. Many developing countries including India have displayed gender inequalit in education, employment and health. It is common to find girls and women suffering from high mortality rates. India has witnessed gender inquality from its early history due to its socio-ecnomic and religious practices that resulted in a wide gap between the position of men and women in the society. Gender inquality has an adverse impact on development goals and reduces ecnomic groth. It hampers the overall well being, because blocking women from participation in social polical and ecnomic activties can adversely affect th whole society. Discrimination also plays out with networking and in preferential treatment within the economic market. Men typically occupy positions of power within the job economy. Due to taste or preference for other men because they share similar characteristics, men in these positions of power are more likely to hire or promote other men, thus discriminating against women. Discrimination against men in the workplace is rarer but does occur, particularly in health care professions. Only an estimated 0. 4% of midwives in the UK are male and according to cbs only 1% of all trainee nurses and only 2% of Secretaries are male. Women have increasingly been finding their place in a male driven environment whether it be in the office, politics, or in the cut throat world business and CEO’s, women have become more and more powerful in a man’s world. Needless to say, women have not reached the level of power that a man would have, but seeing as where woman stood forty years ago it is a step in the right direction. Over the years, gender role has clearly played a big part in the way that women are treated, whether it be being confined to the kitchen, or rendered to emotional to run for office, it seems as though society has built two completely different species of human to live amongst each other. It may sound drastic, but if men and women were to be more similar, there would be more chance for equal treatment. As unfortunate as it is, it seems as though society is at a stand still on where to go with gender inequality, and if there is no way to convince an entire generation to change they way they treat each other, then it might as well stay that way. Unfortunately society is way too stubborn to be able to change its ways about said subject. All that being said, we have come a great deal over the years, and maybe one day we can point that everyone can agree on.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Elements of Poetry: Order for Mask Essay
Speaker: The Speaker is woman portraying three different roles (SISTER, DAUGHTER and LOVER) Audience: The maker of the masks is the audience. Content: The poem is all about a woman who is playing three roles. She shapes her behavior, action and personality in accordance to the needs of the men in her life. In our opinion this degrades the status of the woman as it reduces her whole being to mere instruments that satisfies and pleases men’s needs and wants. Furthermore, this conclusion is compensated by the other fact that poem is trying to imply. It also shows that the woman, through her ability to make the men in her life see and believe what she wants them to, in other words she can manipulate what she wants the men in her life to believe what she is through that â€Å"mask†. Theme: We believe that the main idea of the story is about women in the society. It’s about what women do to satisfy the needs of the people around them. Shape and Form: The poem is a free verse. It does not follow a pattern. Mood or Tone: In each role she partakes it has a different mood. When she played the role of a sister she felt anger that is why she doesn’t want to be like him. When she was playing the role of a daughter her mood is calm or somewhat pure to match the things that her father wants her to be – pure, innocent and chaste, leading him to believe that she is the perfect daughter. Lastly when she is portraying the role of a lover her mood is a mixture of hatred and love, passion and disgust because her lover had raised his hand on her that left a mark so that’s where the hatred and disgust comes from yet she is still in love and pure of passion with that man because she still wants to be beautiful and presentable in his presence. Imagery: The poet wants us to imagine the roles that women play in our everyday life and what they to satisfy our needs and wants. Diction: The poet chose to express the woman identity by describing her when she wears the masks in the presence of each man in her life. Figurative Language: Allusion
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