Continuous writing Essay Example

Continuous writing Paper The weather has been hot lately as summer was coming by. Sunny days with gentle wind at the beaches welcomed every people near Madonna beach to stop by. My family and I also grabbed this chance to go for a family outing. We went to Madonna beach by car. We went there in the morning excitedly until we forgot to take our breakfast. When we arrived, I saw the beach was full of people doing variety of activities. Some of them were swimming under the sun, cannoning, boat riding and some of the people were taking selfless. My mother enjoyed herself by looking at the lovely scenery of the beach. While me and my mother were taking our things out of the car, my younger sisters ran as fast as lighting to the beach and started to build their own sandcastle as their first activity there. I took out my DSL camera and started to take some pictures with my mother to keep it as a precious memory of our family. As we were tickled pink enjoying our own activity, suddenly the black sky overcast with heavy rain clouds. The trees along the beach dance frantically in the wind. The rain started like cats and dogs. We packed our things quickly and jumped into the car as a big storm might happen anytime. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous writing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We took a look at the sea waves and it was surprising that it became wild in a blink of an eye. There was a bad traffic Jammed on our way back home. The street was crowded with cars, vans, busses and even motorcycle waiting to pick up the children after school. They parked haphazardly along the street make It difficult for people to cross the street. Other vehicles were speeding along even there was speed limit sign. Suddenly, I saw a young boy who was running quickly without looking to the left or to the right to cross the street. The vehicles honked mercilessly on the street. Unfortunately, a tricycle hit the unlucky young boy. The boy was flung up In the air for a moment before his books scattering everywhere on the street. The accident happened In Just a blink of an eye. The motorcyclist speed up and run away before the people nearby could stop him. My father started to have a conversation with my mother after she woke up and told her what had happened Just now. While both of them were talking, I saw a woman with a brown backpack rushed to the boy and she had to fight her way through the crowd. l am a doctor! Make a room! as the crowds of people limit her movement. I could saw through my cars window that she took out a stethoscope from her backpack. I was worried about the boy so much because he Is such a young boy to experience all of these things. At that moment, I heard the siren wall of the ambulance. I was never felt so relieved In all my life. The doctor with the backpack had a talk with the paramedic before they pushed the boy Into the ambulance. As the crowd started to continue their normal actively, I saw blood splattered everywhere on the scene when my father passed by. There was a man who picked the boys book which scattered everywhere on the road to help the raffia moving. It was my first experienced an accident In front of my eyes. It gave me a shocked and I could not close my eyes at night when I was thinking If the boy would survived after the accident. The accident taught me that anything unexpected could happened anytime and everywhere without defined age or gender. So, we must take every step to say safe whenever or wherever we are. Continuous writing By catastrophic boat riding and some of the people were taking selfless. My mother enjoyed herself by parked haphazardly along the street make it difficult for people to cross the street. Motorcycle hit the unlucky young boy. The boy was flung up in the air for a moment before his books scattering everywhere on the street. The accident happened in Just stethoscope from her backpack. I was worried about the boy so much because he is wail of the ambulance. I was never felt so relieved in all my life. The doctor with the backpack had a talk with the paramedic before they pushed the boy into the ambulance. As the crowd started to continue their normal activities, I saw blood traffic moving. It was my first experienced an accident in front of my eyes. It gave me a shocked and I could not close my eyes at night when I was thinking if the boy would

You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source Annotated Bibliography

You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source Annotated Bibliography You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source – Annotated Bibliography Example Annotated Bibliography: Obesity Metaphors Barry, Colleen L; Brescoll, Victoria L; Brownell, Kelly D; and Schlesinger, Mark. Obesity Metaphors: How Beliefs about the Causes of Obesity Affect Support for Public Policy. The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 7 – 47. 2009. Print.The authors aimed to determine how using metaphors would affect different perceptions of individuals that greatly influence the design and implementation of policies targeted to reduce obesity rates in the country. Through initially providing an effective academic background on the use of metaphors in various human interactions and behavior, the authors explained its use for reasoning and its important role in forming public opinion regarding the obesity issue. A study was conducted using the â€Å"Yale Rudd Center Public Opinion on Obesity Survey, in late 2006 through early 2007, to examine Americans’ beliefs regarding obesity† (Barry, Brescoll and Brownell 15). With sixteen policies tha t aim to reduce obesity rates, the findings revealed that the effective use of obesity metaphors proved increasing support of governmental policies that aim to reduce the obesity problem.The article was complete in the discussion of the identified topic. It was likewise effectively structured using appropriate sub-headings and a clear and understandable language. Considerable amounts of secondary sources of authoritative references, totaling 45, supported the arguments within the discussed issues. The use of tabular forms in summarizing results summarized the relevant information, as needed by the readers. For instance Table 5 clearly identified and summarized the metaphors explaining support for the 16 explicitly determined obesity policies (Barry, Brescoll and Brownell 35-36). Appropriate limitations for the study were also noted and implications for applicability were presented.The source is therefore very useful for the current study which aims to determine whether the obesity p roblem is actually a reality or just a myth. Through establishing identified metaphors which influence the design of obesity policies, the findings from the study assisted in confirming the current study’s arguments. However, other authoritative references are needed to finally arrive at the required evidence for the study at hand.Barry, Colleen L, et al. "Obesity Metaphors: How Beliefs about the Causes of Obesity Affect Support for Public Policy." The Milbank Quarterly (2009): Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 7–47. Print.

Summary review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary review - Essay Example ’ and motivates the man to interact with the other employees so that he can learn about the styles that he uses as a manager (Blanchard and Johnson 14). In order to be an effective manager, Blanchard and Johnson have given three primary secrets in the book. The first secret is open minded goal setting. According to Blanchard and Johnson (18), this is the one minute management foundation. They vouch for the 80-20 rule of goal setting. By this, they simply imply that 80% of results that are really important come 20% of goals that were set. This simply entails making people aware of what they should do in their duties. In one minute goal setting, the first step is agreeing on the goals. This is followed by looking out for good behavior, then writing out each of the set goals in not more than 250 words. The fourth step entails reading and re-reading each goal, which should be less than a minute. The next step requires one to take a minute off each day to evaluate their performance and finally seeing whether or not the goals match their behavior (Blanchard and Johnson 22). The second secret is one minute praisings (Blanchard and Johnson 24). The two authors point out that people can reach their maximum potential if they are helped by effective managers to know every time they do something right. Blanchard and Johnson note that when people produce good results, they tend to feel really good about themselves. The first step in one minute praisings is letting people know up front that you are going to inform them about how they are doing. The second step is praising people immediately and then telling people what they do right, immediately they do it and in specific terms. Also, it is important to let people know you feel great regarding what they have done right and how it is helpful to the business and other people in it. Encouraging them to continue doing more of the same also works well. Finally, it is important to show people who do well that you support their

Social divisions are now much less significant than they were fifty Essay

Social divisions are now much less significant than they were fifty years ago. Discuss - Essay Example It shall compare divisions in gender and family roles both 50 years ago and today. And it shall also discuss the current continuation of class divisions and the exploitation of women in the home and in the workplace. Social divisions are less significant now than they were fifty years ago. With the advent of women’s liberation and anti-discrimination laws, men and women can now share the same opportunities and privileges in their work. Society has also largely discarded its outdated ideas about ethnic and cultural disparities in society and in the workplace. Women in the 1950s and 1960s were indeed being allowed to join the workforce, however, â€Å"women continued to earn considerably less than men for doing the same job, regardless of whether they worked in a factory of office, or in a profession such as teaching or nursing† (Cliffsnotes, 2009). Even when women were exerting the same effort or even more effort than men in the same job, women were still being paid the same wages or even less than the men. Such was the life of the working women 50 years ago. The 1950s also typified women as housewives. They were expected to stay at home and take care of the home and the children while their husbands were off to work. Any hint of independence they showed was not encouraged nor was it supported by their families and by society in general. And â€Å"the fact that so many women worked outside home ran counter to the myth in popular culture that emphasized the importance of traditional gender roles† (Cliffsnotes, 2009). The media, television, magazines, and advertisements in general all catered to the traditional idea of the women’s role in society and in the home. And when women started to break out of this traditional mould, they were discriminated against and not given the same chances and opportunities as the men. â€Å"Domestic ideology encouraged the post-war housewife to pursue his wifely duties, and post-war developments

Union and cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Union and cooperation - Essay Example This is the journey I was to involve in, given that one of my closest relative and also a friend was a victim of the disease. While other victims were seeking help from the VCT, I took an initiative of always hanging around him like never before. I possessed the belief that efforts towards the victims were necessary. I was then the only closest friend he had, not even did he consider the help of VCT because of the stigmatization experience he had with one of the workers. I always ensured that I paid a closer attention because of the health care adversities I believed are associated with the disease. Every day, I accompanied him in a 30 minutes run around our town just to keep him fit. However, for my mum and others they considered that there were meagre chances of managing the influence of the disease in an individual; consequently, there was no need for dying to care for my cousin. Apart from the care, I also took responsibility of reminding him about the importance of taking the treatments as prescribed by the doctor. After reading an article written by The South African Medical Research Council I came across an English word, â€Å"adherence† which in the context was used as powerful medical glossary for the people living with HIV/AIDS (Gina et al, 69). Intuitively, I had to find a way of levitating the level of adherence within my victim, to ensure that he was always devoted to the medical advice. Further, I taught him the need for nursing hopes that there are still more days to live asserts that stigmatization. Nonetheless, I found it hard to achieve my goal since my victim had the belief that the ultimate consequence of HIV/AIDS is death, as the result of the perception held by the society towards the victim. From this I realized that the discrimination by other individuals in the society triggers the victims into feeling that there is little hope for the futility of the medical advices.

Early life environment and a childs temperament

Early life environment and a childs temperament The question of how dependent a childs temperament is on their environment, biology and other individual differences has been the subject of much debate in the world of psychology. To critically discuss to what extent such factors have on temperament, we should consider what this term means- individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart, 1998, p.105-76). This definition considers the childs emotional responses; physical ability; how passionate or responsive the child is and how regulated their sleeping and eating habits are, for example. Possible influences on temperament are nature, including innate characteristics, and nurture, the childs early life environment and socialisation. A childs early life environment itself is affected by a number of factors, such as social-economic status; parenting; culture; school entry age and extracurricular activities to name a few. For the purpose of this essay, the focus will be on social-economic status and parenting. Firstly, individual differences were noted for dimensions such as distractibility and intensity of reaction in children in Chess Thomas (1987, as cited in Roberta, 2009) development of the 9 NYLS (New York Longitudinal Study) dimensions on child temperament. Some newborns were found to cry a lot louder than others if hungry, which showed more apparent intensity in the childs temperament. This indicates that temperament is a result of innate characteristics as at such a young age, little environmental influence is likely to have taken place. Behavioural profiles were also produced using the dimensions and 3 types of temperament were developed from this: Easy, Difficult and Slow to warm up, which were apparently identifiable in children as young as 2-3 years old. There is evidence that caregivers awareness of such individual differences is highly important as this can affect the childs socialisation process developing in early life. For example, those with a Difficult temperament might have more intense reactions and harsher parenting techniques used as a result may not always be helpful. Therefore, though aspects of a childs temperament can be seen as innate, environmental factors and social influences also hold a degree of influence. Parenting practices should be adapted to a Difficult child in order for the parent to optimise their ability to nurture their childs temperament. The NYLS dimensions are still in use today and the construct of child difficultness has been further developed and used in many other measures. However, this could cause issues when considering such research as results will depend on which measure and definition of difficultness is being referred to. Secondly, Kagans (1994) work (as cited in Chess Alexander, 1996) studied temperament by also using a biological approach. 43 children had their heart rates recorded and were observed and rated during 2 simple laboratory tasks. Statistical analysis was used to assess the difference between behavioural inhibitions of the children. Inhibition serves certain social functions such as preventing impulse acts, for example, losing your temper and hitting someone. This relates to impulsivity as an aspect of ones temperament. It was found that inhibited children had a higher and more stable heart rate than uninhibited children. At approximately 5.5 years old, there were a number of significant correlations between heart rate and physiological factors such as pupil dilation during cognitive stress and adrenaline levels. This suggests that individual physiological differences are indicative of varying temperaments in children, in line with other biological studies (Fox Calkins, 1993 as cited i n Rubin et al., 1993). Nevertheless, Kagan commented that environmental factors should be investigated too in order to gain a full picture. The effects of social-economic status can be seen in Dearing et al.s (2001) work investigating associations between children aged 1-36 months and effects of changes in family income by 36 months. Results showed a significant effect of income on children from poor families but no significant effects of income on non-poor families. For families in poverty, childrens school readiness; expressive language and positive social behaviours were negatively affected and behavioural problems more prominent and vice versa. Such research gives support for environment affecting a childs temperament, even at the early age of 36 months. Also, a higher risk for negative outcomes at 36 months was found for those that had spent longer in poverty. Even so, associations cannot be directly translated as causal relationships. It is difficult to be certain that extraneous variables, such as parenting; genetic ability and school standards did not affect the results recorded. Differences could have been due t o variables other than family income but the effect of the duration spent in poverty discourages this assumption. Parenting practices and child temperament were investigated using the questionnaire method. Parent perceptions of toddlers social wariness and shyness at 2 years old predicted their preferences for socialisation strategies at 4 years old (Rubin, Nelson Hastings Asendorpf, 1993). Observations of child-parent interactions were also recorded. It seemed that those parents perceiving their children to be shy, somewhat limited their childs opportunities for independence. This was more evident in those parents that were more anxious. Such parenting styles could make it more difficult for self-regulation to develop and for potential interactions with other children to take place. Those children less capable of self-regulation at an early age may develop independent feeding skills later than others for example, which would probably negatively affect temperament with more irritability occurring during meal times. So not only are parenting styles an influence on temperament, parents perception s of their childs abilities and temperament (inclusive of the factors defined by Rothbart, 1998) and how this affects their child-rearing is also extremely relevant. As parent perceptions were being studied, the questionnaire method used is quite fitting. Despite this, we should take into account social desirability bias and demand characteristics potentially affecting validity. For example, parents may be unwilling to convey their children as shy due to partaking in psychological research. Studies on twins have been carried out in attempt to determine whether biological or environmental factors attribute to a childs temperament. Spinath Angleitner (1998) collected separate mother and father ratings on 354 monozygotic and dizygotic twins ranging from ages 2-14. The twins Emotionality, Activity, Sociability and Shyness were also assessed using the EAS Temperament Survey (Buss Plomin, 1984, as cited in Spinath Angleitner, 1998). On all EAS dimensions, except Emotionality, dizygotic twins showed negative or near-zero correlations and the similarities between monozygotic twins were more than half those held by dizygotic twins. As dizygotic twins are expected to experience similar environmental stimulation, it seems that the much stronger correlations between monozygotic twins similarities would arguably be explained by their genetic similarity. Related findings seem to be obtained in further behavioural genetics research (Kimberly Saudino, 2005) which supports the impor tance of innate characteristics in temperament. Nevertheless, we cannot be sure whether parents ratings were affected by demand characteristics and therefore, the validity of the similarity ratings made between the twin pairs. It could even be argued that similarities were rated on perceived zygosity that is to say, perhaps parents and rating family members perceived more similarities between monozygotic twins because of their physical similarities. Experimental methods would conceivably be more useful for identifying the genetic factors contributory to temperament, but familial observations over time may well be more valid, naturalistic observations of child temperament and similarities. Although such research may suggest that the greater monozygotic correlations support the importance of biology in child temperament, results do not explain how relevant it is and certainly does not definitively give evidence for the nature or nurture debate. For more clarity, it seems that a combi nation of methods should be used to explore the dimensions of temperament. Perhaps teacher ratings could have been used in addition to parent and family member ratings alone. Exploring more within-family differences (Kimberly Saudino, 2005) to account for differential treatment of children within the same family, for example, offers more insight to why different family members temperament can vary across a whole range of behaviour. A greater understanding of the influences on child temperament has major practical implications. For example, certain teaching techniques may help Difficult children focus more in school and increase their productivity as a result. Biological influences are arguably less important, as it would imply that temperament is less changeable than a lot of research seems to suggest. For example, a child of slow to warm up temperament, whilst explicable by nature, could benefit greatly from practice of specifically identified socialisation skills. In addition, labelling children with certain temperaments could prove detrimental to their developing temperament during early years and being aware of this is exceptionally important. To conclude, there is evidence to advocate both nature and nurture contributions to child temperament. Although there is significant evidence for biologys role in temperament, there seems to be a general consensus that environmental factors are ultimately of higher importance, as human experiences and surroundings are so varied from person to person. To better understand child temperament, we should look at the interaction of such biological and environmental factors more closely rather than isolating them. A good example is portrayed by Chess Alexander (1987, as cited in Roberta, 2009), where individual differences from birth are apparent, but, what marks a difference is how those innate characteristics are dealt with by parents, and the effect this will have on other social interactions and thus, how child temperament is developed early on in life.

Essay --

Herman Melville, one of the more iconic names in Gothic literature, saw the world differently. Free from the Puritan rhetoric, Melville very much enjoyed the pleasures of the natural world. Melville traveled, and spent time among Natives. In several accounts he described his favorable time amongst them, and showcased the idea of noble savages beyond the borders of America. Without such tragedy to fuel him, Melville penned optimistic stories of adventure and excitement. The world wasn't a trap or a test, but a rich pearl oyster to be pursued and celebrated. True fame, or at least legacy, came later, with the publication of Moby-Dick. A darker story, but still heavy with adventure, Moby-Dick was undoubtedly a story of tragedy. Ahab, the iconic captain in the story, was driven by an obsession to hunt down a whale that injured him years prior to the story's beginning. Rather than accepting this as nature being a bit dangerous Ahab, against the better judgment of other members of his crew , anthropomorphised the titular whale, seeing it as a someone, not something, that wronged him and des...

Police Authority and Accountability in Australia

INTRODUCTION Police officers in Australia, as well as worldwide, have been consistently accused of abusing their authority over the years. Police officers are known to protect and serve and to be the law enforcers of the land, but due to the reality that some human beings are concerned about self-satisfaction and lawlessness, police authority can often times be misconceived as abusive and aggressive.The powers of the police are consistently being scrutinized by the media, the community and even politicians, not to mention that police are, and not just in Australia but worldwide, held as one of the most accountable in society (Robertson, 1998). In order to essentially resolve these issues, the focus of the research should be related to police officers and specific issues such as use of force, police discretion, delegation of authority and the attempts that were made to control officers behaviours’ in Australia.WHAT IS POLICE AUTHORITY? Firstly, authority can be defined as gener ally and basically, Persons having power or powers that other people will not naturally be allowed to have. Bringing this definition toward linking it to police authority, this is where the police officer has legal power of enforcing laws, and at all times should be given the respect, because they are the gate keepers of society, our â€Å"guardian angels† who will be watching over us twenty four seven.For example, we are to respect our parents; they care for us and provide for us our basic needs, I believe that police officers are somewhat the same because they provide us the citizens with safety and when there is a problem we can run to them at many times. Although police authority maybe a good thing, there are also the pit falls with it, in that, there is the abuse of police authority.Some officers due to â€Å"bad apples† meaning some officers are dirty cops, because of greed and selfishness, also some officers believe that they are above the law, because they enfo rce the law, but I believe in the â€Å"eye for an eye† theory: if you do the crime, you should do the time; no one is above the law. WHAT IS POLICE ACCOUNTABLILITY? Firstly accountability is It is a fundamental principle of a democratic society that the police should be held to account for their actions. Accountability includes both what the police do and how they perform.What an officer does or how they do what they do is extremely critical in the world of policing. The entire concept of police accountability revolves around these two criteria, which according to how efficient they are executed, may make or break an officer’s policing career. Agency-level accountability involves the performance of law enforcement agencies with respect to controlling crime and disorder and providing services to the public (National Institute of Justice, 1999). Individual-level accountability involves the conduct of police officers with respect to lawful, respectful, and equal treatmen t of citizens. walker, 2007). I honestly believes that police accountability should be very vital within policing. Officers should be held accountable for their actions like any other individual. POLICE AUTHORITY IN AUSTRALIA In Australia the authority and powers of the police services are clearly defined and understood by officers, these powers are being tested by the courts and even the police themselves, the police know the limit of their authority and powers, but at sometimes politicians, legal professions and even the community are reluctant to greatly alter those powers.Hence the reason why officers may have to use force, law enforcement officers are authorized to use force in specific circumstances, officers in Australia are trained as any other police officer worldwide, but the matter of the issue is how much force to use, this is referred to as police discretion. Authority and abuse needs to be differentiated, because they are not at all supposed to be equal to the same thi ng. Generally, the way in which the police may maintain social order successfully is mainly in alignment with the use of force exercised by the police officers.Many people, citizens of Australia and even the world, here the term use of force being used consistently, whether it may be via the media or directly from a police officer, but what does the term really mean? Use of force is simply and basically the amount of force that is required of a police officer to ensure that an unwilling offender complies with the law enforcer (National Institue of Justice, 2012). Where it is unnecessary to use brute force, a police officer ought to refrain from so doing. An officer can use force in ifferent ways, either verbally or physically; also it may be less lethal or lethal (National Institue of Justice, 2012). Even as it remains that the police officer in Australia has the right to use force where necessary, how then do we determine when he should use which method of force, and how to deal wi th an offender on the whole? Police discretion is used often times when it comes to more of the minor offences, such as alcohol use and urination, but one major encounter in Australia in which police discretion ought to be used is in relation to people suffering from mental illness.Police discretion though, can be influenced by either personal relationships, or race or status, which ought not to be so, but realistically is it. There was one scenario in which a police officer encountered a cafe proprietor who had a traffic violation. The officer in this scenario, decided not to give the driver a traffic offence notice due to the relationship that had developed from before.Although many other officers agreed with the officer’s decision to exercise gratitude toward the violator, this is not a welcoming and promising prospect for the future of law enforcement on the whole. Police discretion can be altered and affected by many other factors surrounding an offender in society. An u nwilling and unruly suspect has a higher risk of being arrested than one who cooperates with the officer. Also, the police records of an offender may also influence the decision of the police.Even with relation to juvenile, police discretion can be altered but not by the juvenile themselves. The parents or Guardians of the juvenile may weigh in heavily on the decision and discretion of the police officer. In the case where the parent or guardian may be uninvolved or uncooperative, the officers may be led to take a different approach to the handling of this situation (Holmgren, 2012). POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY IN AUSTRALIA The face of the matter remains, and one which makes complete logical sense, is that whatever a police officer does, he/she need to account for it.Police in Australia, however, have been given a sense of discretion and freedom to fulfil their roles in society without too much interventions of any judicial or supreme official (Lewis, 2012). Police are not to be seen as i ndependent and totally able to do as they will by members of society, which is not at all the case. Police usually have to consult the judiciaries in the commission of enquiry pertaining to accountability for their actions or allegations, but what prompted this move by the Government?Police in Australia in the past; have been accused for many different things, such as police corruption, inefficiency and brutality. These falls of the police officers are not overlooked by the judiciary, and even though police are the protectors of society, they are very liable to punishment and sanctions for their wrong if it is not properly accounted for (Lewis, 2012). Police accountability has over years become viewed as more of a problematic issue than that of an encouraging one.One of the major ongoing disturbances in Australia’s society is the case where civil litigation is constantly overlooked as a form as accountability (Ransley, 2007)what exactly is civil litigation? Well, civil litiga tion is where someone is accused of doing wrong, but not necessarily a crime, and it is formally submitted to a court (Honeyman, 1999-2010) In fact and very evident to the world today, there have been many cases in Australia, in which persons have been involved in disputes with police officers for doing wrong yes, but not crimes.The reality that the purpose of civil litigation is to settle and attain some form of compensation for being wrongfully accused or dealt with, makes civil litigation a very critical aspect that should more than likely be incorporated in the field of Police accountability mainly because it is a form of correction, just that it is from the civilian stand-point (Ransley, 2007).If in fact, the intent of the more recent police reform is directed toward the strengthening and to some extent upgrading of the individual and organisational accountability, then that makes civil litigation a very fundamental, effective and also it should be, a mandatory component in the effective completion of this goal. Attempts to control the behaviour of police officers are not only affected by civil litigation, but also by the measures in which police officers are dealt with for misconduct.Without the emphasis on the errors of police officers, the police force may adapt to the conditions which could lead to the abuse of their powers and authority. The lack of consistent correction of officers often times may lead to the diminishing of confidence in the community in the police service (Perez, 2008). Internationally, this have become the evident scenario in the present society, as the trust and corporation between Police officers and communities is rapidly becoming a thing of the past, and this have been ighly influenced by the lack of legitimate duty and procedures by police officials. Officers have confrontations of a sort among their own organisations because of the corrections that they may face having the issue to argue that to balance the leniency of misco nduct and the harshness of crimes is difficult to manage (Perez, 2008). A common observation presently is that since authority is delegated rather than chosen gives police officials the opportunity to select the appropriate officers to do the reputation and compatibility with the relative scenarios at hand.CONCLUSION Whether it may be the favourable opinion to some, or the contradicting bias to others, Policing authority and accountability is one of the fundamental aspects of efficient law enforcement. In the case where any of the two may fail or fall short in any aspect, there will always be a conflict in the relationship between Law enforcement and community, and also it may serve as the catalyst for the diminishing status of the police force.From the use of force, to the correction of police officers by their own organisations, the main concept is to ensure that the standard and reputation of the Australian law enforcement department. There have been a lot of complaints geared to wards or targeted at the police officers, but in fact as much as the reality is that they do make some really uncharacteristic errors, they do uphold the law relatively efficiently.This is just another reinforcing point that the society at large tends to make judgements, especially toward individuals and systems within the law enforcement sector based on their benefit and fair treatment. Whether or not the case would have been that police officers in Australia abuse their powers or not, the comparison of the rate in which civil litigation is turned away and how vast the difference is between the corrections that the police officers correct citizens to how intense and consistent the punishment and corrections of officers themselves are, would have still caused some sort of rift within the system.Nothing, it seems can truly be completely satisfying and totally effective, and especially in a world where crime and deviance, because of the continuous introduction of laws and stereotypes via media interventions and other sources, the balance between being lenient and modest in terms of acts of misconduct, and being harsh and enforcing in situations that are more serious, or crimes, is very difficult to assess. The fact remains that o matter where the police system is today, in Australia, and even worldwide, the law enforcement sector cannot afford to cease from continuously modifying and developing their efforts and adaptations to the criminal advancements in society. REFERENCES Holmgren, L. (2012, April 12). Factors that affect Police officers' discretion. Retrieved April 5, 2012, from ehow: http://www. ehow. com/list_5960237_factors-affect-police-officers_-discretion. tml Honeyman, C. (1999-2010). Civil litigation. Colorado, united States of America. Lewis, C. (2012, may 5). Police, civilian and democratic accountability. Monash, Australia. National Institue of Justice. (2012, January 20). police use of force. D. C. , Washington, United States of America. Perez, M . R. (2008, august). Police discipline and community policing: New models. Los angeles, USA. Ransley, J. A. (2007).Civil Litigation against Police in Australia:Exploring its extent, Nature and implications for accountability. Australian and New Zeland Journal of Criminology(Australian Academic Press) , 143-160. Robertson, D. (1998). Public and Private policing: Issues and options for collaboration within Australia. sydney: n/a. walker, s. (2007, may N. D). police accountability: current issues and research needs. POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY , p. 4.

Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essays

Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essays Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essay Shakespeare Coursework Henry V Essay In Henry, how does Shakespeare avoid much disgrace with four or five most vile and ragged foils. Right ill disposed in brawl ridiculous in depicting the Battle of Agincourt on the Elizabethan stage. As the play commences, William Shakespeare has to depict a fight scene at the Battle of Agincourt. When one considers the time period it would have been rather difficult to perform these scenes. This is also due to the fact that Elizabethan stages did not have the use of advanced special effects and consequently they were very basic. The Elizabethan theatre used no real sets and only the most essential set pieces and props. Shakespeare had to find various ways to portray the story and he mainly focused on the acting rather than the props. As it was impossible for Shakespeare to create a real life battle scene, the Chorus apologises for this in the prologue, Oh, pardon: since a crooked figure may attest in little place a million, and let us, ciphers to this great account, on your imaginary forces work. In this essay, I will explain the difficulties that Shakespeare faced when he had to recreate the story of Henry V, ranging from having a small performing space, few props size and havi ng only a handful of actors. One way in which Shakespeare depicts the battle scene is to appeal to the audiences imagination. The Chorus urges the audience to think beyond what they saw on stage, now entertain conjecture of a time, and to envisage what it would be like if they themselves were involved in the scene. In addition, the Chorus also appeals to the audiences sense of sight and sound. Shakespeare has to rectify another issue. The performance took place in the afternoon, yet the battle scene was at night. To emphasise darkness once again Shakespeare uses the Chorus, the poring dark and chide the cripple tardy-gaited night. The language used stresses the point that the battle scene is set at night facilitating the audiences imagination. Additionally, Shakespeare uses personification such as, like a foul and ugly witch to describe the night. This adds to the drama of the play as the language makes the audience compare the night to a witch, which has negative connotations. This made is easier for the audien ce to understand certain aspects of the play such as the night. Finally, Shakespeare shows the distinct contrast between the French and the English armies. The English army was portrayed as being less than convinced of their chances of success due to inadequate size. This compares with the French army, whose contingents were courageous and arrogant in assuming that they were going to win the battle. This illustrates how Shakespeare makes the audience develop sympathy towards the English. In Act Four, Scene One, King Henry disguises himself as an ordinary soldier and converses with members of his army, asking them about their feelings towards the battle and their morale. This creates dramatic irony as the audience knows that the King is in disguise, however the characters do not. In particular, King Henrys old friend Pistol does not recognise him and he is confused with who this ordinary soldier is, art thou officer or art thou base, common and popular? This creates comedy or light relief and brings a more optimistic mood to the play, before the bleak battle. However, the mood of the scene is soon lowered when Henry meets three commonplace soldiers; Williams, Bates and Court. They speak of how they believe they are going to die, and how they feel as if they are insignificant to the King, Ay, he said so, to make us fight cheerfully, but when our throats are cut, he may be ransomed, and we neer the wiser. At this point, they did not know that the soldier they have met i s the King. This creates tension between the regular soldiers and the King; however it also creates sympathy towards the ordinary soldiers. Finally, in the closing stages of the scene, King Henry is desperately praying to God for victory over France. Throughout the play, Shakespeare continues to portray the French army as being overconfident, superior and complacent, therefore showing favouritism towards the English. This contrasts with King Henry doubts in the previous scene, as the audience believe that the French are too boastful and will not succeed. An example of how the French as seen as overconfident is, And your fair show shall suck away their souls, leaving them but the shells and husks of men. In contrast to the end of Act 4, Scene 1, Henry later becomes more confident in his weapons and his men. He does not want any more troops to join the army to fight, as he believes victory will be greater for we happy few we band of brothers. He conducts two main speeches in Act 4, Scene 3, both saying how much faith he has in his army and how he and his troops will work as one to win the battle. In addition, the speeches boosted the troops morale, making them more confident in their ability. Furthermore, both of these speeches build up suspense for the Battle of Agincourt itself. The actual Battle of Agincourt is not depicted as a very serious event but as a comic anticlimax. Shakespeare chose to portray the battle in this way because he realised that it would be impossible for him to re-enact the scene with the few actors and the limited props he had. Also in this scene, the audience discover how Pistols mercenary motives contrast completely with King Henrys idealistic motives. Pistol discovers that he can sell the French weapons in order to make a profit and this is purely for his own benefit. However, King Henry does not only want to fight for his personal pride but he wants to fight for his country. In addition, he believes that his purpose in life is to win, because God encouraged him to do so. We soon learn that England won the Battle of Agincourt, even though they were outnumbered at a ratio of 5:1. Shakespeare writes about how the French Nobles reactions differ highly from their attitude in Scene 2. They experienced hubris as they were originally overconfident and then they fell down at the last hurdle because they lost the battle. This was humiliating for the French as they had lost, thousands of soldiers were killed and they had lost their sense of superiority. In conclusion, I believe that Shakespeares use of language and various techniques made the play successful. He realised that he could not portray the fight scene realistically and therefore decided to show it in a comical way. He uses the Chorus to communicate with the audience, often telling them to use their imaginations, which made each member of the audience feel more involved in the play. In this time period, special effects were not available because the technology had not been invented and therefore Shakespeare depicted the play well.

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