The History and Objectives of Sex pre-Selection Essay -- Exploratory E

The History and Objectives of Sex pre-Selection Scientists have been aware for many years that dominant X-chromosomes produced females and sperm dominate Y-chromosomes produced males. However, it wasn’t until 1975 when scientist Ronald J. Ericsson, PhD. Began studies to determine whether or not enriched sperm samples would aid in the offspring of a desired gender. Sex pre-selection literally means the selection or induction of the gender of a child prior to conception. Sex pre-selection was first established in the 1970s which scientists stained X and Y sperms to successfully identify them. Rigorous work has been complied on this treatment in the last three decades due to increasing demand from society for the â€Å"balanced family† and â€Å"planned pregnancy† with regards to the â€Å"chosen baby.† The concepts pf sex selection can easily be traced back to the ancient times of China, Greece, Egypt and India. People of these communities had their own methods of convincing a baby of a desired gender. Many methods and approaches used during the ancient times are still u...

Employment and Volkswagen

Explain what is novel and distinctive about the VW model The Volkswagen model is novel and distinctive by 3 concepts which I'll define below. First, the concept of the  «Ã‚  28,8 hour working week  » which basically replaced the former concept  «Ã‚   To save labor costs layoffs are inevitable  » Indeed, by keep the same wages while cutting the working hours of their employees innovates. Therefore, they are able to save 20% of the annual costs with this method. That allows the board of volkswagen to meet the requirements of the works council which were among other things to remain with the same wages. Besides, concerning the job ecurity, as far as some workers are concerned by the temporary works, that would be able in that case to transfer from one plant to another. Obviously, the suitability regarding the new plant would be carefully reviewed case by case according to their competencies and experience. As a matter of fact, the workers will not be able to decline an offer for an other job if it fits them. This has been also agreed by the collective bargaining agreement. Moreover, Volkswagen distributed all annual special payments to its workers. The change to the  «Ã‚  28,8 hour working week  » also shifted the numbers of the working days.Indeed, most employees switched to four day working week while regarding the needs of departments some switched from three to five day working week. The second new element is the  Ã‚ «Ã‚  contract  Ã‚ » between the newcomers in the market, that is to say the young people and the old ones. Indeed while being still at school in apprenticeship, the young generation of future workers would be offered the possibitlity to get into the world of labour step by step until reaching the final stage which would be a full-employment within volkswagen. Nonetheless, they will have the conditions of the part time work.Whereas, the situation is the reverse for the old generation, hence, as soon they reach 56 they can already re duce their working time and even more when they will get to their 59. So, their schedule can be reduced to 24 hours at 56 and 20 at 59. Even if Volkswagen still got to improve some points to make this measure more attractive, this aims to soflty replace the older generation and give full-employment to the young generation. This also supposed to rise the productivity. That leads us to our third element, the qualification element. Volkswagen wants their workers to e as competitive as possible and meet 4 main characteristics, To be multiskilled and mutli- functional; mobile;creative and human. To reach their goal their They target single employees from 18 to 30 and they train trough programmes to make them fulfill to the The needs of the company which are the flexibility and a  «Ã‚  highly-skilled workforce  Ã‚ » which result to a win win situation for both as during this time Volkswagen is receiving governmental subsidy while train the future  «Ã‚  high manpower standard  Ã‚ » . secure the job for the employee and gives Volkswagen a rising productivity

Case Study Circle Work - 857 Words

Case Study: Circle Works Jennifer M. Zarrilli OL-325-R5403 Total Rewards Southern New Hampshire University Abstract CircleWorks is a custom bicycles company that has been in business for almost fifty years. The company has entered a new generation of bicycle builders and the human resource director is contemplating new incentives for the company. Gainsharing links pay for performance with employee involvement in improving operations. As operational performance improves, employees share financially in the gain. A successful gainsharing program addresses leadership philosophy, employee involvement and the method for bonus payout. In my paper, I will examine the purpose, application and measurement of adding gain sharing†¦show more content†¦Having a strong team will not only increase productivity for CircleWorks but it will increase ideas coming from employees themselves. CircleWorks leadership will select a few effective and productive employees from within each team and integrating them with a team that is not functioning as well. This will create new and stronger teams within the com pany. Teams with the most productivity can be put into a raffle for a free group lunch or a bonus created by management. Increasing teamwork at CircleWorks will implement the leadership component of gain sharing, as teams will also be encouraged to discuss options for the company and bring them to management. The second component of gain sharing is employee involvement, which has already begun in the management component. Since we can show how quality problems directly impact a given workers gainsharing earnings we can give them a personal interest in ensuring that everyone within the company is doing their part to maximize quality performance. In addition to creating teams and encouraging them to bring ideas to the team, team meetings need to be held monthly to discuss options. â€Å"Effective office meetings lead to improved communication in the workplace, higher levels of productivity, and increased employee morale†. (Alexandre 2012). The employees must comprehend and h ave confidence in the plan. Meetings can be held with an unfastened agenda, so thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Circle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions1235 Words   |  5 PagesCircle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions While the restorative justice movement has risen in recent years, the idea of circle sentencing, or peacemaking circles has been practiced in indigenous cultures for quite some time. As we look at implementing traditional indigenous culture practices as alternative dispute resolutions, we need to realize the effectiveness and also whether we are ready to use them. 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