The Francophone Literary Movement (La Négritude)

The Francophone Literary Movement (La Nã ©gritude) La Nã ©gritude was an artistic and ideological development drove by francophone dark savvy people, scholars, and lawmakers. The authors of la Nã ©gritude, known asâ les trois pã ¨resâ (the three dads), were initially from three diverse French states in Africa and the Caribbean yet met while living in Paris in the mid 1930s. Albeit each of theâ pã ¨resâ had various thoughts regarding the reason and styles of la Nã ©gritude, the development is by and large described by: Response to colonization: Denunciation of Europes absence of humankind, dismissal of Western control and ideasIdentity emergency: Acceptance of and pride in being dark; valorization of African history, conventions, and beliefsVery reasonable abstract styleMarxist thoughts Aimã © Cã ©saire An artist, writer, and legislator from Martinique, Aimã © Cã ©saire concentrated in Paris, where he found the dark network and rediscovered Africa. He saw la Nã ©gritude as the reality of being dark, acknowledgment of this reality, and energy about the history, culture, and predetermination of dark individuals. He looked to perceive the aggregate pilgrim experience of Blacks-the slave exchange and manor framework and endeavored to reclassify it. Cã ©saires belief system characterized the early long periods of la Nã ©gritude. Lã ©opold Sã ©dar Senghor Artist and first leader of Sã ©nã ©gal, Lã ©opold Sã ©dar Senghor utilized la Nã ©gritude to progress in the direction of an all inclusive valuation of African individuals and their organic commitments. While upholding the articulation and festivity of conventional African traditions in soul, he dismissed an arrival to the old methods of getting things done. This understanding of la Nã ©gritude would in general be the most well-known, especially in later years. Lã ©on-Gontran Damas A French Guyanese artist and National Assembly part, Lã ©on-Gontran Damas was theâ enfant terribleâ of la Nã ©gritude. His aggressor style of safeguarding dark characteristics clarified that he was not moving in the direction of any sort of compromise with the West. Members, Sympathizers, Critics Frantz Fanon: Student of Cã ©saire, specialist, and progressive theoretician, Frantz Fanon excused the Nã ©gritude development as too simplistic.Jacques Roumain: Haitian essayist and government official, originator of the Haitian Communist Party, published La Revue indigã ¨neâ in an endeavor to rediscover African realness in the Antilles.Jean-Paul Sartre: French philosoper and author, Sartre aided the distribution of the journal Prà ©sence africaineâ and wrote Orphà ©e noire, which assisted with acquainting Nã ©gritude issues with French intellectuals.Wole Soyinka: Nigerian writer, artist, and author restricted to la Nã ©gritude, accepting that by intentionally and frankly investing wholeheartedly in their shading, dark individuals were naturally on edge:  « Un tigre ne proclã ¢me pas sa tigritude, il saute sur sa proie  » (A tiger doesnt declare its tigerness; it hops on its prey).Mongo Bà ©tiAlioune DiopCheikh Hamadou Kane Paul NigerOusmane Sembà ¨neGuy Tiro llien

Mental Exploration with Super Natural Elements

Man is brought into the world with adoration, bliss, despair and franticness however alongside it, a quintessence of an obscure dread. It is a dread of abnormal marvel that has soaked up inside their spirit from their ancestors’ impassioned faith in powerful powers in their social and social lives. The air of sentiments of that bizarreness is so solid in numerous that they start to accept their exercises and their lives because of the solid impact of this oddness. The attributes of these sentiments dominates’ their psychological forces to the degree that they regard all the heavenly components a reality. These emotions additionally depend on all the dismays and agonies that he feel in the existence which he for the most part find in condition and nature around. He started to feel nature as representation of demons and witches, the shapes given by fork-legend of the previous eras and have become so part of our life that they took a significant number of us in its vintage of conviction. All the narratives, Poe’s â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, and Bierce’s â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge†, are psychopathic books. In every one of these accounts, heroes have odd sentiments of otherworldly components with evilness and fear ness not withstanding covering in them yet alongside that there are additionally scenes of lives they had passed and trust in a future in the event that they would have lived long. These accounts are not simply covering with physical dread and grisly homicide stories yet there are sure progressively natural characteristics analyzing mental changes and heart swearing spirits of heroes. They are not in certain heavenly as different stories of Gothic writing yet are given the powerful touch to the items and condition so near heroes. Poe gave the House of Usher a heavenly domain and Roderick Usher felt himself into close connected with the house and owed his odd conduct to the house. Usher had an inclination that his assurance and his conduct were reliant on this house. From the earliest starting point of the story just, it had been informed that there was something extremely abnormal and impossible to miss about this house. At the point when storyteller met Roderick Usher, he remarked†¦ â€Å"The build of the dark dividers and the turrents, and of the diminish pool into which they all looked down, had, finally, brought upon the resolve of his existence.† (Poe, 1515). In the house, storyteller additionally felt a feeling of melancholy. Usher’s family however had a place with the old tribe couldn't prosper, as there stayed just a single endurance part from ages. It occurred with Roderick Usher as well, his twin sister Madeline passed on and Roderick with the assistance of storyteller covered Madeline in the burial place in building itself. Regularly Roderick would turn out to be extremely uncomfortable and would hear abnormal sounds and frequently mumble himself. They additionally observed the splendid looking gas encompassing the house. Roderick felt that they had covered Madeline alive and she would frequently come out of the burial chamber and felt that she was remaining behind the entryway. Wind blew the entryway opened and Roderick was affirmed as he saw her remaining in white robes secured with blood as though she was battling to get away. She assaulted Roderick as life was going from her and Roderick kicked the bucket because of dread. Alongside the passing of Roderick, the house also crumbled and storyteller got away from the house. There is no uncertainty of the way that author had embraced upon the heavenly components while giving the psychological problem of Roderick. Poe created claustrophobia in the story. The otherworldly component is normally the phantom of Madeline. A few researchers even point to the way that Madeline never existed however just the piece of Roderick’s mental creative mind yet Madeline was there. Both were twins and shared same feeling of demeanors. In spite of the fact that Madeline kicked the bucket soon yet Roderick never wound up isolated from Madeline: this is central purpose of the story and they were again joined at long last when Madeline turned into the reason for Roderick’s demise. There is no topical component in the story however just mirrors the mental and claustrophobic unsettling influences that can frequent any desolate individual in a tremendous manor from the dividers of which spring woeful stories of his precursors. Hawthorne imparted same inclinations to Edgar Allen Poe to bring heavenly components. His works shook our nerves; with his vigorous bit of otherworldly components, he demonstrated us our feelings of trepidation and repressed wants. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has both the components of supernaturalism as fallen angel having snakelike staff that he generally conveyed with him. Hawthorne depicts demon as equivalent to Brown as though there is a sure normal connection between the two.â It stresses the puritan religious philosophy, that fallen angel is wherever on the planet. It suggests each man has the characteristics impersonalized by goodness just as evilness and we effectively get occupied towards evilness. Earthy colored recovered each opportunity to go to Faith, his better half portrayal of religion, virtue and goodness yet he fell into the snare of demon as his precursors did.â This gathering with powerful component in the wild left Brown totally mutilated in his vision of the world and thus he got mentally upset and started to live with void heart. He started to see fiend behind each bramble and in the core of each man however without understanding that fallen angel was in his heart. He generally felt inside him evilness and his end mounted in misery and wretchedness. Hawthorne stated, â€Å"A harsh, a dismal, a dimly thoughtful, a doubtful, if not a frantic man, did he become, from the evening of the dreadful dream.† (Hawthorne, 612) He was unable to try and tune in to the heavenly hymn, since wrongdoing had just overwhelmed his spirit. When contrasted with Edgar Allen Poe, his Young Goodman Brown has a component of subject. It is the topic of Christian teaching over evilness. On the off chance that an individual once gets into the snare of malice, it is unimaginable for him to come out of it. He went into the detestable world loaded with obscurity and despite the fact that attempted to come out of it couldn't rise out lastly fell into an unceasing fate. Ambrose Bierce’s Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is an away from of man whose end is close his emotions; mental wants and inclinations brunt open his innate eagerness to live into this world. It is again a mental predicament of man rebuffed to be hanged till death at Owl Creek Bridge. There is no immediate otherworldly component in this story as is in Hawthorne’s or Poe yet Peyton Farquhar considerations and some weird sounds when he saw the log floating in the stream underneath and the unusual light when he was falling in the waterway and suffocating. There is a substance of practical touch toward the finish of the story. In his fantasy, what Peyton Farquhar saw â€Å"strange roseate light†, trees that resemble â€Å"giant garden plants†, and â€Å"great brilliant stars† (Bierce 274) are however extraordinary basically and submerged in the words as genuine yet what precisely Peyton Farquhar’s was taking a gander at were just counterfeit substances woven in his brain. All occasions of his endeavors to get away lastly when he tumbled down from the shot was the mental indication of a man inside whom there was an acknowledgment that he could escape from the grip of death and become free like a log floating in a stream previously. His affection and recognition for his significant other and youngsters was so soaked up in his spirit that he felt some extraordinary force would come to spare him from death, yet his passing was unavoidable. Despite the fact that he thought he had gotten away from soldier’s paws yet when he was going to meet his wonderful spouse, he tumbled down from the shot and at long last, we saw him dangling from the Owl Creek Bridge. There is a confusion of plot in story arguing a man’s want of life however on the off chance that demise needs to come, at that point nobody can escape from it. This is a topical game that Ambrose Bierce's played so normally with the psychological excursion of Peyton Farquhar. Middle age was the time of Gothic writing Witches, phantoms, spirits, and so on have shaped the piece of these accounts and the entire condition have the sentiment of oddness amidst genuine lives, yet the profundity to which these accounts are introduced gave these accounts an alternate measurement. These accounts are a greater amount of man’s mental aggravations and enthusiastic changes that appear as otherworldly creatures. What a man thinks, romanticizes and gets set backs in life is all type of fiends and witches coming to get a handle on him in his jaws. This is the topical component, Poe, Hawthorne and Bierce’s so significantly and handily embraced in their accounts. WORKS CITED Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† The American Tradition in Literature ei~th version. Ed. George and Barbara Perkins. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994. 1511-1523. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† Norton Anthology American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W.W Norton and Company, 1999. 601-613. Bierce, Ambrose. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.† Norton Anthology of American Literature: Volume 2. Ed. Nina Baym, et al. New York: W. W Norton, 1998. 268-275.  Â

Hcr/210 Week 6 Checkpoint

Record Organization HCR/210 January 15, 2012 There are a couple of contrasts and similitudes among little, medium, and enormous offices concerning the association of patient records and by they way they handle free reports. I have seen that most offices favor that their free records are for all time tied down in their diagrams, which sounds good to me since it keeps the free reports from being lost and lost. Nonetheless, the various sizes of offices will in general sort out patient documents distinctively as indicated by every specific facility’s strategies. The most famous techniques for association that I have seen incorporate sequentially, structure numbers, report type, and class. During my survey of the meeting strings, I saw a great deal of similitudes and a ton of contrasts in how patient records are taken care of. For instance the medium and enormous offices are by a long shot bound to utilize electronic documents than paper ones, accordingly taking out the danger of lost records. The most widely recognized distinction that I saw was in whether the offices use paper documents. It appears that practically the entirety of the medium and huge offices are utilizing electronic documents and everything naturally gets recorded with the patient’s principle record right away. Nonetheless, in little offices they are significantly more liable to utilize paper documents in which case everything is documented with the patient’s fundamental record quickly so as to make it simple to find and to keep it from getting lost. All in all, regardless of whether the office is little, medium, or enormous they all take unique consideration in the association of their documents whether they are paper or electronic.

Catering business free essay sample

Providing food Services Owners. The examination will give them chance to give what they had encountered in setting up he business with the goal that others will be offered chance to contemplate the results they are confronting and maintain a strategic distance from the conceivable issue it might acquired what's to come. †¢Future Entrepreneurs. The discoveries of the investigation will help them a ton in considering the potential outcomes and factors in setting up cooking administrations with the goal that they can survey unreservedly and when they choose to set up a systematic providing food administrations they will precisely comprehend what they ought to do. The Hotel and Restaurant Management Students. The investigation which will be the yield of this examination could be of incredible assistance to HRIM understudies since it will permit them to learn and survey the various methods in providing food administrations. It very well may be utilized as a source of perspective in their investigations in regards to cooking administration to give them a crucial data and better understanding and furnish them with information. We will compose a custom article test on Providing food business or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Clients. This examination will assist the costumers with understanding the activity and empower them to assess or asses the issues experienced in providing food administrations. †¢The Researchers. Through this examination, they will have a viable method of show packaging what they have realized and thought of a yield, through creation an exploration study that would be good for other people. This examination will likewise this investigation will fill in as foundation and included data how to build up an effective beginning in a providing food administrations business, this examination will likewise empower the analyst to be progressively creative and productive in the field of this examination. Extension and Limitations of the Study This investigation entitled â€Å"Success Indicators among Catering Services in Cavite City† will cover the various encounters of chosen proprietors of cooking administrations in Cavite City. Their encounters and proposals will be utilized and help a great deal of future business visionaries in putting same business. Graphic strategies for research will be utilized in the examination and a sum of ten (10) Catering Services proprietors will be included as respondents to this investigation, and they are Chat’s Catering, Dapsy Catering, Mark Pintados Catering Services, Lynagails Catering, Jukemi Restaurant and Catering Services, Eugenelyn’s Catering Services, Flower and Bees Catering Services, RM Catering Services, S’ymor Food House and Catering Services and P-enoys Catering which will be picked by the specialists through comfort testing.

Essay Topics For the Crusades

Essay Topics For the CrusadesThe essay topics for the Crusades can provide a good background for your English course as they range from the start of the conflict to the end of it. They are often very lengthy and quite complex, which means that a good teacher should be able to incorporate some form of the ideas in the essay into their lesson plan. This can make the overall lesson much more interesting and interactive for the student.Some of the most interesting topics to write about include religion, the Catholic/Protestant conflict, civil wars, knights, the Knights Templar, white knights, crusaders, and yes, also rapes. These will certainly have a great impact on students and will bring up lots of questions. Of course, if there is nothing that you feel is worthy of inclusion, then you can include just about anything else as long as it does not offend somebody's religious or political views. Religious views can be brought up easily if the topic is on battles and the like.When writing a survey essay about the Crusades, make sure that you do not get too bogged down in facts. You can include general descriptions of various places where you did not tour, but I would suggest that you only describe a few major sites and not just visit all of them.It is important to make your topic interesting. This is one of the best ways to make the essay interesting. Be careful to avoid writing things which will bring down your grade because this is not fair on the teacher.Many English teachers love to see their students use essay topics for the Crusades as part of their exam, either for A-level or even university entrance exams. Keep in mind that you do not have to use these essay topics for the Crusades if you do not wish to. As long as you have chosen subjects that are well within your scope of study, then you can go ahead and use the topics for any other subject.Of course, there are a number of other popular essay topics for the Crusades that can be used to help students in thei r exams, such as the overall spread of Christianity throughout the Middle East, and the effects of certain religious ideas during the Middle Ages. Be creative when it comes to writing about these topics so that you can build up a better grade.The truth is that essay topics for the Crusades are a bit tricky to write. It takes a good amount of creativity and critical thinking to really bring out the idea in the essay. It can be very rewarding to get this right because you will be surprised by how it affects the grades that you receive.

   The cooling temperatures and crisp fall breezes have done their work in most of the United States. The leaves have fallen. Branches are bare or nearly there, and now is the time to gather them up in anticipation of the first snowfall. Robert Frost, perhaps America’s most celebrated poet, went through the annual leaf-clearing ritual as well. Read his beautiful poem about it, and the next time you head out into the yard with your rake in hand, think of his words. Perhaps they will encourage you to look at a previous drudgery with a new appreciation and enjoyment.                     Gathering Leaves                  by Robert Frost                  Spades take up leaves                  No better than spoons,                  And bags full of leaves                  Are light as balloons.                  I make a great noise                  Of rustling all day                  Like rabbit and deer                  Running away.                  But the mountains I raise                  Elude my embrace,                  Flowing over my arms                  And into my face.                  I may load and unload                  Again and again                  Till I fill the whole shed,                  And what have I then?                  Next to nothing for weight,                  And since they grew duller                  From contact with earth,                  Next to nothing for color.                  Next to nothing for use.                  But a crop is a crop,                  And who’s to say where                  The harvest shall stop? We hope you enjoyed this wonderful poem. If you are getting ready to head out into the crisp fall weather to gather your own â€Å"crop† of leaves, enjoy the experience. It comes but once a year, and soon enough those snowflakes will start flying! Fortunately, your opportunity to enjoy great poetry is year-round. Check out IEW’s Linguistic Development through Poetry Memorization for more great poetry to share with your family.

Social Justice and Social Change Free Essay Example, 750 words

Social justice and social equity are important paradigms of democratic systems that necessitate ethically delivered actions of pubic administrators. Strong sense of responsibility and accountability of actions within public administrators become key issues for bringing about positive social change for social justice and fair treatment of people (Cooper, 2012). Effective decision-making based on ethics and moral compulsions are inherently linked to positive social change. It is especially true in the contemporary times of globalization and technology when the collective decision-making and public participation promote constructive social transformations that are accompanied by democratic values and social justice (Mittelman, 2002). Thus, globalization propels social change that encourages mutual cooperation amongst nations and understanding of cultural values so that social equity and fair treatment of people coming from different races, cultures, colors, and nationalities could be i mplemented. Social change propagated by external compulsions like globalization, technology, etc. has long-term repercussions for societies across the world because the change reflects not only the local or regional interests but encompasses the interests of global community. Globalization promotes inter-dependency of resources including goods and services and human resources thereby ushering in pluralistic societies with diverse cultures and ideologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Justice and Social Change or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The human competencies, therefore, evolve as crucial imperatives that require ethical decision making for a higher productive outcome. Moreover, Walzer, (2011) emphasizes the humanitarian values and equitable distribution of resources as they have emerged as major compulsions for promoting social equity across the world. They require ethical perspectives and a strong sense of equity for disbursing social justice for people across the world who are marginalized and require political actions from developing nations.

Cultural Myths About Gender And Sex Essay - 1484 Words

Are gender and sex in the same concept? This topic is complicated because countless people confuse these two as the same, but they are two absolutely different concepts. There are several Cultural Myths about gender and sex. Gary Colombo, who wrote: â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† explains that a cultural myth is a â€Å"shared set of customs, values, ideas, and beliefs, as well as a common language (3).† In â€Å"Sisterhood is Complicated† by Ruth Padawer, a contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine, she focuses on gender and social issues. Padawer shows various stereotypes about gender roles and sex, and how they form multiple cultural myths. Pawader also explains how there are positives to being transgender at an all woman’s university. Aaron H. Devor, a Canadian sociologist and sexologist known for research of transsexuality and transgender communities, he wrote: â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social M eanings of Gender†; but Stephanie Coontz, The Author of: â€Å" What we Really Miss about the 1950s† explains nostalgia as â€Å"a desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in one s life, home, homeland, family and friends a sentimental yearning for the happiness of a former place or time (2).†The words’ gender and sex can’t be used interchangeably. However, all the cultural myths that people suggest that gender and sex are the same concept. Therefore aggrandized people should learn the difference between gender and sex and also theShow MoreRelatedIs Gender The Same Element As Sex? Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesIs Gender the same element as Sex? This topic is complicated for the reason that countless people confuse these two as the same, but they are two absolutely different concepts. There are several Cultural Myths about Gender and Sex. Gary Colombo, who wrote: â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† who explains that a cultural myth is a shared set of customs, values, ideas, and beliefs, as well as a common language. In â€Å"Sisterhood is Complicated† by Ruth Padawer who is a contributing writerRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Roles Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesin nature and intensity of how the sexes, gender, gender roles and gender stereotypes are differentiated. Before we get to understand how they are differentiated, it s good to first understand the meaning of each term. Sex is the biological and physiological differences between men and women, sex roles are the behaviours and patterns of activities that the men and women may engage in which are directly related to their biological differences while gender are the behaviours or patterns of activitiesRead MoreThe Sociology Of Rape Culture1524 Words   |  7 Pages  In feminist theory, rape culture is a setting in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality. The s ociology of rape culture is studied academically by feminists. There is disagreement over what defines a rape culture and as to whether any given societies meet the criteria to be considered a rape culture. The notion of rape culture has been used to describe and explain behavior within social groups, including prison rape, and in conflict areas whereRead MoreInformative Essay : Busting Myths About Race1312 Words   |  6 Pages Paskey April 26, 2016 Fuentes Short Responses Busting Myths about Race 1. The idea of race is real, but it is not biologically reality. Race is based on cultural perspectives that we as human beings use to identify persons around the world. â€Å"Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning† (Gannon) Meaning that there is nothing biologically real about race. And that it is strictly culturally developed. 2.Read More The Role of Women in American Society Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages Women and men are nestled into predetermined cultural molds when it comes to gender in American society. Women play the roles of mothers, housekeepers, and servants to their husbands and children, and men act as providers, protectors, and heads of the household. These gender roles stem from the many culture myths that exist pertaining to America, including those of the model family, education, liberty, and of gender. The majority of these myths are misconceptions, but linger because we, as AmericansRead MoreWomen and Men Are Nestled Into Predetermined Cultural Molds When It Comes to Gender in American Society1509 Words   |  7 PagesWomen and men are nestled into predetermined cultural molds when it comes to gender in American society. Women play the roles of mothers, housekeepers, and servants to their husbands and children, and men act as providers, protectors, and heads of the household. These gender roles stem from the many culture myths that exist pertaining to America, includ ing those of the model family, education, liberty, and of gender. The majority of these myths are misconceptions, but linger because we, as AmericansRead MoreThe Third Sex in Eastern Civilization1357 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at certain topic such as Gender, sex and religion. Gender is defined as the cultural, behavioral, or psychological characteristics, typically belonging to one sex. Sex is the behavioral, functional and Structural characteristics that distinguish males from females; it is also the act of people (or animals) attempting to sexually reproduce. Western civilizations and religions have always been strict and less accepting when it comes to the conversation of gender and sex. It is usually something thatRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1524 Words   |  7 PagesGender refers to the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to either sex. Culture and biology determine the moral, intellectual, and emotional differences between males and females. Biology par tially determines gender constructions of men and women. A woman’s ability to conceive or a man’s natural strength are all examples of biological gender. However, I believe a larger proportion of personal gender is formulated through cultural believes and values. Cultures create gender through social practicesRead MoreThe Negative Stereotypes Of A Child s Interaction With Barbie855 Words   |  4 Pages will help to shed some light on many other similar areas of interest. It also helped to further understand how a Barbie could possibly influence a negative stereotypical gender belief, aid in unrealistic body image development, and help keep girls oppressed. I was happily surprised with the outcome, but still pessimistic about the chances of their actions matching their words. I question if the parents will truly give a valid effort to change their child’s interaction with Barbie. It is unwise forRead MoreGender Equality Is a Myth3679 Words   |  15 Pageswww. academicjournals.org/INGOJ  © 2007 Academic Journals Article Dispelling the misconceptions and myths about gender Dumisani Nyalunga Corresponding author’s E-mail: dumisanin@ddpdurban.org.za Accepted 04 January 4, 2007 Prelude This paper seeks to clarify the meaning of the terms that are associated with gender, and equally so to unpack the concept of gender itself and elucidate the fact that gender is not tantamount to women and that it does not exclusively cater for women issues and concerns but

A Qualitative, Ethnographic Study Conducted By Goonan Et

A qualitative, ethnographic study conducted by Goonan et al. (2013) examined hospital waste prior to patient consumption. The purpose of this study was to understand reasons for hospital food waste before consumption and offer recommendations on waste minimization within foodservice. The subjects of the study included three hospital foodservice located in New Zealand. All three sites used a cook-fresh production system and conventional tray line service. The researcher first analyzed existing documents. These documents included company policies and plans, production and service materials, waste records, and quality assurance tools and records (Goonan, Mirosa, Spence, 2014). Food waste generation practices were observed under natural†¦show more content†¦The third hospital’s waste could not be quantified. Not all food waste is accounted for due to varying levels of waste system compliance amongst the kitchen staff. Consistency in waste measuring policies and procedures must be improved globally. All points of foodservice produced waste, but most was due to overproduction. It was believed that overproduction was largely due to inaccurate forecasting. The hospital setting is incredibly variable when it comes to total occupied beds and fluctuating diets; this causes forecasting to be a major struggle for the foodservice managers; the forecasting system must be enhanced in order to minimize waste. Eight focus group participants and all six managers attributed most of the food waste to improper portion control, but the researcher found that lack of portion control contributed minimally to the total food waste generated. Food waste during storage, preparation and production was nominal. Perceptions of food waste varied among the foodservice staff, while the managers focused more on the financial consequences of food waste, the kitchen staff focused more on the social consequences. Food safety and quality control were the main focuses during waste train ing at each site; there is a need to begin incorporating social and ecological values. More research should be conducted on how to improve forecasting and staff training in order to reduce waste. A strong attribute of

How Drinking Alcohol Affects the Brain Essay example

The topic I chose for my essay is how alcohol can affect the brain. I used Google and Bing as my research database. Initially I found a lot of information on drinking alcohol, but that covered every aspect of it. I wanted to incorporate as much information that I had found on drinking alcohol as I could. From drinking and driving, how people think when they are under the influence, to how alcohol affects the brain. I wanted to make sure I touched base with everything I had learned. I found the most obvious fact, that alcohol can be a very serious problem when not used responsibly. I wanted to try to present both side of alcohol, so I could chose and articles by people who were open minded. Not only can alcohol†¦show more content†¦The people being interviewed revealed more than 2,000 individual decisions that led to alcohol impaired driving. The decisions were then broken down into several categories as shown on the graph attached. Little is known as to what leads people to continue to drinking and driving. But as research shows, people do think, prior to drinking, how they will get home. It’s after they have already drank that they decide to get behind the wheel. Not only could someone driving under the influence affect a person, it could affect someone else on the road at the same time; it could affect the family members having to deal with the alcoholism and possibly death. Who knew alcohol did so much to the brain. It is a curiosity to many as to why people would drink and drive knowing they shouldn’t. People whom drink on a regular basis do not necessarily realize they are under the influence. It can be fun to drink and hang out with your friends, but if you choose to get behind the wheel of a car you could be making one of the biggest mistakes of your life. Why take the chance harming yourself or someone else? People who drink and drive for the first time, than more than likely will do it again if they made it home safely the first time. Drinking and driving is a choice many people make, unfortunately its the wrongShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Dangerous Effects of Alcohol1597 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol is a very serious and dangerous drug, although it is not treated this way anymore. College students have taken drinking to a new level in which, for many, is very scary. Alcohol is much more dangerous than many would think. Kids see a night of drinking as a great way to have fun and party but do not see the consequences. Getting drunk and even blacking out can lead to many problems. When alcohol is consumed in unhealthy amounts, it can lead to not only short-term effects, but long-termRead MoreCommunication Systems : Where Lies The Power Of Communication?1096 Words   |  5 Pagescalled alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It’s focus on the effect of taking alcohol, especially on teenagers. When teenagers meeting with thei r friends or having party, maybe because of other people, maybe because of Instant Gratification or because of Misinformation, they may have some alcohol without adults in order to be more excited or ‘cool’. Having alcohol affects the nervousRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Nervous System1280 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly called alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It’s focus on the effect of taking alcohol, especially on teenagers. When teenagers meeting with their friends or having party, maybe because of other people, maybe because of Instant Gratification or because of Misinformation, they may have some alcohol without adults in order to be more excited or ‘cool’. Having alcohol has negativeRead MoreAlcohol Consumption : The Effects Of Alcohol On The Body1312 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Consumption: The Effects of Alcohol on the Body Thamara Jean-Jacques Professor: Nina Walker Biology 115 October 17, 2015 Lithonia Campus Abstract Drinking alcohol for a period of time or even binge drinking cause harm your heart. Alcohol increases the risk for heart attack, strokes, and hypertension. In 2013, a total of 71,713 people died of liver disease the ages ranged from 12 and older. Alcohol has also been known to affect the pancreas, large amounts of alcohol can confuseRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered997 Words   |  4 PagesWhy the drinking age should not be lowered Alcoholism affects so many people in the United States due to accidents and much more but, many people say once teens turn 18 they should be able to do whatever they want, If they are able to vote, purchase nicotine products and become our troops, etc. So why not be able to drink? The drinking age has become a more controversial issue lately. There are many reasons of why the drinking age should not be lowered but if the drinking age was to be lowered toRead MoreTeen Alcoholism Is Driven By Example1150 Words   |  5 Pagessees someone else drinking, for whatever reason, and they imitate them to either save he or she’s pride and be â€Å"cool† or use is as e remedy to try to feel better about a situation they are in or to numb an unpleasant emotion they do not know how to deal with. affects the physical state of a young person, but also one’s current situations and relationships, and the outcome of he or she’s futures. â€Å"People who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence at someRead MoreDoes Alcohol Cause More Damage Than Good?1564 Words   |  7 PagesKayla Schneider Mr. Haug ENG 201-S02 March 17, 2017 Does Alcohol Cause more Damage than Good? â€Å"About 2 billion people worldwide consume alcoholic drinks, which can have immediate and long term consequences on health and social life. Over 76 million people are currently affected by alcohol use disorders, such as alcohol dependence and abuse† (Morean, M). Alcohol play a huge role is society. Alcohol is at family gatherings, celebrations, sporting events, weekend activities, and many more social gatheringsRead MoreShould The Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered Again?878 Words   |  4 PagesShould the legal drinking age remain at age 21? For almost 40 years most states voluntarily set their minimum drinking age law at 21, some states were 18 in accordance to the military age requirement (18) and the voting age. In those states, drunk driving and alcohol related deaths were increasing significantly. But it didn’t just happen in those states, it also happened in the bordering states called â€Å"blood borders.† As a result to these problems, President Ronald Reagan in 1984 signed into lawRead MoreEssay on Alcohol Abuse1701 Words   |  7 Pagesbe abused easily, alcohol is the most accessible as you can legally buy it in almost any city or town without interference if you are above the legal age. Easy access to alcohol is a key reason why alcohol abuse and alcoholism is such a common problem in America. In the United States, â€Å"alcohol abuse affects about 10% of women, and 20% of men. † The scary thing about alcohol is that it attracts and affects people from all socioeconomic backgrounds; nobody is immune to alcohol abuse. When you doRead MoreEssay on The Effects Alcohol Has On Teens1431 Words   |  6 Pagesteens drink alcohol because they think it is fun; however the problems it may bring are not so fun (Hyde 22). There over six times more teen deaths per year from alcohol than any other drug (O’Malley 30). Alcohol affects the body of teens as well as all of the developmental processes. A major issue of te ens drinking is that it increases the chance of becoming an alcoholic in the future; which leads to lowered self-control, impaired judgment, and lowered inhibition (Heath 12). Alcohol can completely

Methodology Section

Question: What is the Methodology Secation and Research Study ? Answer : Introduction The methodology section is a very crucial section in a research study. This sets the platform for the researcher to make effective adjustments in the study that helps the organisation to analyse the data that has been gathered and get suitable results from its analysis. The methodology section sheds light on the procedures and approaches the researcher has used to gather suitable data for achieving the desired outcome. This section of research methodology is important as it will highlight the different methods utilised on the present research and also the justifications for their utilisation. The investigations in a research are extremely important and the application of the right tools and techniques is important in this case (Glesne, 2015). The present section will discuss the key segments of the research methods used for the study like research philosophy, design, strategy, the choice of the data collection, and the data analysis tools which would help to complete the study Impact of financial stability on the sustainability of hospitality industry. It is important for the researcher to prudently choose the research methods and apply them strategically to make sure the right kinds of findings are received from the study. The research onion diagram provides effective understanding of the following discussion. Fig 1: Research Onion Research Philosophy The research philosophy is an extremely important part of the research method. It is extremely important for every researcher to understand the importance of research philosophy involved in a study. Research philosophy could be defined as the belief or notion of the way in which information and data about a particular subject should be gathered. The gathering of data stands to be important for a particular research, and hence it is important for the researchers and scholars to follow a particular belief about gathering data. There are number of research philosophies which are used by different researcher and the choice is mainly based on the kind of research that is being done. The most common research philosophies are positivism, post positivism and interpretivism (Mackey and Gass, 2013 p, 65). Positivism: People with positivist mindset believe that reality could be observed and described from the objective point of view. It is important to mention that people believing in positivist approach are largely practical and only believe in rational thinking to gather information about a particular subject. This highly emphasises on one single variable of the research and the predictions are made on the previously studied and gathered information. Positivism has had a long and successful relationship with physical and natural sciences. There have been long standing debate about its suitability and applicability of the positivist framework in the social science subjects (Denzin, 2012 p, 78). Post Positivism: This is comparatively a new approach to positivism and it could be said that it follows the philosophy of positivism to a large extent with trifle difference. The post positivist approach supports the amalgamation of both rational and scientific reasoning to support data gathering. Data gathering is the most important part of a research the post positivist philosophy allows the researchers to implement both commonsense reasoning and scientific reasoning to get the best possible data for the study (Flick, 2011 p, 47). Interpretivism: Interpretivism is more into interpreting subjects. The study of phenomena in their natural environments is the key to interpretivism philosophy. It is important to mention that interpretivism believes that scientists cannot avoid the phenomena they study and hence a subjective interpretation and intervention becomes essential in interpretivism. Realism: This philosophy believes that some perceptions in practice are completely ontologically free of conceptual schemes and understanding (Blumberg Cooper and Schiendler, 2011 p, 89). The present research asks to analyse the importance of financial stability in the sustainability of the hospitality industry and hence it will be effective if the researcher is able to gather data in the best possible way through the application of logical understanding. It will also be important to use different data sources to gather data which would enhance the efficiency of the data gathered. The gathering of data on logical grounds will help to analyse the data gathered properly and help to get best possible result from the analysis. Research Design Research design could be defined as the overall strategy of the research which helps to link each and every component of the research effectively to complete the study in a logical and cohesive manner. It is essential to make a proper decision about choosing the right kind of research design for a research in order to get efficient and favorable result from the study. Effective research design helps to drive the research in an effective manner and helps to achieve the objectives of the study properly. There are three key research designs used by researchers which are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive designs. The exploratory research design is mostly implemented in research where the researcher is focused on gaining new insights and revealing new results for the particular subject. This kind of research design is focused on using large amount of information and is expensive as well that prevents most of the academic researches to use exploratory design of research. On the othe r hand the descriptive design is effective in describing a phenomenon and analysing variables properly to support the existing study and literature on the same topic and also justifying them properly (Pickard, 2012 p, 55). The explanatory research design is effective in explaining a particular research topic effectively which even though time consuming but achieves the objectives of a study. In the present study there are two different variables which are financial stability and sustainability. Both these variables are broad variables and need significant description which would help to link them properly in the research and understand the cause and effect of one on the other (Green, Camili and Elmore, 2012 p, 56). Hence the present research will be done with the help of the descriptive research design which will help to plan the research study and structure in a systematic manner to get favorable research results from the study effectively. The research aims to focus on understanding the relationship between the financial stability for the sustainability in the hospitality industry. Research Approach Research approach could be defined as the systematic movement of a research to establish facts and principles on a given subject of study. Research approach is the basic movement of the research to get favorable results from a study. There are basically two different types of research approach namely: Inductive approach and deductive approach of research. Inductive approach: The inductive approach is mainly based on qualitative analysis process to get results from the research. The inductive approach is focused on using research questions to narrow the scope of the study and is concerned with the generation of new theory and information. The inductive approach of research moves from specific observations to generate general findings (Robson, 2011 p, 109). Deductive approach: The deductive approach is just the opposite of the inductive approach. This kind of approach starts with a hypothesis rather than following research questions and moves from general observations to get specific findings which is suitable to study a particular phenomena. The deductive approach uses quantitative analysis techniques in order to get results from the study (Miller et al, 2012 p, 44). The involvement of the two variables in the present study is broad and needs to be analysed effectively by the researcher. As the present study does not aim to generate new theories or information and is focused on analysing the existing literature and theories the deductive approach is the best option to choose for the present research study. In the following research findings are achieved through the analysis of the general answers of the chosen respondents which helps to come to a conclusion regarding the sustainability in the hospitality industry. The deductive approach is suitable for the present study as it will help to complete the study within the stipulated time as well as within the limited available resources. Overall it could be concluded that as the research study has been able to apply general observation to get specific results the deductive approach has been effective for the study. Research Strategy Research strategy could be defined as the basic blueprint of the study. The research strategy is the plan based on which the study would be taken further by the researcher. This is the strategic idea of the research that helps the researcher to move systematically towards the achievement of the research objectives. There are various kinds of research strategy which are used by different researchers in different research. Experiments in laboratories, scientific research, simple observations, empirical research, interviews, surveys and case study based research. Lab experiments help the researchers to understand the relationship between the different variables directly which helps them to get the best possible results from the study. In lab experiments small numbers of variables are studied intensively within a developed laboratory system. This kind of strategy is implemented with the help of quantitative analysis techniques that helps to make a generic statement about the real life scenario (Reynolds et al, 2014 p, 89). Case study strategy is mainly used for research done on a particular company. It is important to mention that case study strategy is effective in ensuring effective result for the organisation on which the research has been done. This not only helps to analyse the case study organisation but it also helps to understand the trend in the market and how it will affect the market conditions. Hence the case study strategy is suitable for a research on a particular organisation. Interview strategy is mainly focused on gathering information from the chosen respondents with the application of interview. A few relevant questions are developed in order to interview the different chosen respondents which help to gather the right kind of information from them which is largely helpful in coming to a conclusion from the study (Kirkova et al, 2011 p, 23). Survey strategy is another commonly implemented strategy in research. The survey strategy is a process of analysing a given populace or a market environment through survey questionnaire helping to get effective insights from the study (Cameron, 2009 p, 56). The present study is following a deductive approach which helps to do a research on the existing literature and theories. It is important to mention that deductive study is done best with the quantitative analysis technique and hence for that the interview research strategy would be the best strategy to follow in this research. It has helped to interview different entities that have helped to get the best possible insights based on the aspects of sustainability and financial stability. Overall it could be said that the interview strategy has helped to get suitable results from the study. Sampling Method Sampling is one of the key aspects in the research study. Effective sampling helps a research to reach the pinnacle of success, on the other hand failing to choose a right sample size could affect the results found from the research and hence it is important for a researcher to use the right sampling method to choose sample size. There are different kind of sampling method like probability sampling, non probability sampling and Stratified sampling. The probability sampling is a kind of random sampling which is applied on a given populace to choose respondents for the study (Brinkmann, 2014 p, 98). On the other hand non probability sampling is a form of convenient sampling which means choosing the respondents in a biased way from a given sample size and finally stratified sampling is a process of sampling where the researcher divides a given sample size into two halves and then from the each group respondents will be chosen applying the probability sampling method. As the present study is an academic one the time allotted for the study is small the researcher has applied non probability convenient sampling to choose respondents for the research which is easy and time effective (Cooper and Schindler, 2010 p, 76). The present study is a much more analytical study and the data gathering has to be highly relevant. The impact of financial stability on the sustainability could only be understood with the help of the managers as they are able to understand the market conditions and hence the choice of managers had to be made. The subjects for the study have been mainly chosen from the personal contacts. The subjects have been recruited through personal interactions through one of the personal acquaintances who have helped to communicate with the subjects chosen and to reach the managers of the different hotels. There have been rigorous communications which has helped to convince them to take part in the study. Sample Size The sample size chosen for the present study is 10 managers. This sample will help to get proper idea about the impact of financial stability in establishing sustainability in the hotel industry in Saudi Arabia (Panneerselvam, 2014). The researcher has chosen the above sample size because it is sufficient to address the research objectives. The present research is mainly to understand the trend and the impact of the financial stability on sustainability of the hospitality industry and the suggestions of managers would be more or less same. It is also important to mention that in this case the sample size has been chosen from the different hotels of Saudi Arabia and not from one or two hotels and hence there is no possibility that managers will have similar view as they are working for the same company. 10 managers as a sample size from different hotels will be big enough to understand the financial trends of the hotels and the industry and hence it will also help to understand the im pact of financial stability as the data would come from different company which more or less help to understand the industry trend effectively. Data Collection Method Data Collection is the most important aspect in the research study. It has to be done in the best possible way for the best interest of the research. It is stated that the success of the research relies on the data collection and hence it is important for the researcher to collect data in the best possible manner. There are two major methods of collecting data namely: primary and secondary data collection. The primary data is the first hand data which is collected through different primary techniques like interview, survey, focus group study et cetera. On the other hand the secondary data collection techniques involves gathering of data from all kinds of secondary sources like journals, articles, books, existing research, online sources et cetera (Corbetta, 2009 p, 78). The present study has been done with the help of both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected with the help of interview questionnaire applied on the 10 managers of the different hotels of Saudi Arabia. On the other hand the secondary data has been collected from the different secondary sources like online sources, journals, books et cetera which has been integrated in the literature review section in order to get the best possible result. Data Analysis Plan There are two different ways of analysing gathered data namely: quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis is mainly numerical and statistical which is done with the help of tools like SPSS, MS Excel, and Correlations Table. On the other hand the qualitative analysis is done with the help of thematic analysis. In the present study the data gathered is mainly descriptive in nature that has helped the researcher to apply qualitative analysis tool and hence the present gathered has been collated and descriptive analysis have been implemented on it (Kothari, 2011). Ethical Considerations The present study has been done by undertaking different ethical considerations. Firstly the respondents have been convinced about taking part in the study by making them understand the subject studied. The data protection act has been considered while gathering any kind of data, the confidentiality aspect have been taken into account while communicating with the respondents. On the other hand it has been promised that no information shared by them would be used commercially and will only be used for academic purposes. The permission from appropriate authorities of the different hotels has also been taken in order to communicate with their managers (Gulati, 2009). For instance the subjects or respondents chosen for the research have been kept secret and their personal information has not been used anywhere with the research report and in this way confidentiality has been maintained. Normally the respondents were skeptical of giving away information it has been promised that the data gathered will not be used in any other works and the anonymity of the subjects have also been promised and hence by no chance their identities will be revealed which may harm the subjects and their professional career. The questionnaires sent to them had been kept completely objective and subject related and no offensive, discriminatory or unacceptable languages have been used which would give them respect and will also hold their professional integrity in place. The study was organised after a complete discussion with the respondents and with their complete consent. As per the data protection act the individual will not be recognised for giving away data relevant to the research which would help to keep privacy of their identity effectively. The researcher will also be responsible for any kind of data spillage that causes revelation of identity. Hence it could be said in the above discussed ways ethical considerations have been put to use. Research Limitations There are number of limitations that the present research faced. Firstly, this is an academic research and hence financial constraint played a huge role in not getting access to certain data sources, on the other hand the framing of the research had to be done prudently in terms of managing time as the institution is stringent about providing time for the research. On the other hand since time was small and the respondents involved in the research were highly busy getting their time became a big issue that had to be coped with (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015 p, 67). Future Scope of research The study has faced number of hurdles especially time and finance which has not allowed the researcher to investigate the broader sections of sustainability and financial stability with reference to the hotel Industry in Saudi Arabia and hence it could be said that the present research still allows room for the future research done on the relevant subject (Gordon, 2009 p, 80). Reference list Aljaziracapital, 2017.Saudi Hospitality Sector Report [online] Available at: https://www.aljaziracapital.com.sa/report_file/ess/SEC-196.pdf [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017]. Baum, T., Cheung, C., Kong, H., Kralj, A., Mooney, S., Nguy?n Th? Thanh, H., Ramachandran, S., Dropuli? RuÃ… ¾i?, M. and Siow, M.L., 2016. Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce: a thematic analysis.Sustainability,8(8), p.809. Blumberg, B., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. 2011. Business research methods. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V., Chong, H. and Verma, R., 2015. Environmental Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Best Practices, Guest Participation, and Customer Satisfaction.. Cameron, R. 2009. 'A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues', International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 140-152, Castro, C., 2016. The Impact of the Great Recession and Eurozone debt crises on Portuguese Tourism.European Journal of Applied Business and Management,2(1). Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. S. 2010. Business Research Methods, 11th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. Corbetta, P. 2009 Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications Denzin, N. K. 2012. Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(2), 80-88. Flick, U. 2011. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Glesne, C., 2015.Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson. Gmez?Bezares, F., Przychodzen, W. and Przychodzen, J., 2017. Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance.Business Ethics: A European Review,26(1), pp.1-17. Gordon, T.J. ed., 2009.Futures Research Methodology-Version 3-0. Editorial desconocida. Green, J. L., Camilli, G., Elmore, P. B. (Eds.). 2012. Handbook of complementary methods in education research. Routledge. Gulati, P. M. 2009. Research Management: Fundamental Applied Research, Page 45, Global India Publications Pvt. Ltd Jones, P., Hillier, D. and Comfort, D., 2016. Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp.36-67. Kirkova, J., Aktas, A., Walsh, D., Davis, M. P. 2011. Cancer symptom clusters: clinical and research methodology. Journal of palliative medicine, 14(10), 1149-1166. Kothari, C. R. 2011. Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Age International. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. 2013. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Matthew, D.A.A., Fada, A. and Ukonu, I.C., 2016. Role Of Financial Ratio Analysis In Assessing Business Performance In The Hospitality And Tourism Operations.Development,4(4). Mayo, E.J., Jarvis, L.P. and Lane, P.A., 2015. How Fast Can a Service Firm Grow?. InProceedings of the 1988 International Conference of Services Marketing(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Melissen, F., van Ginneken, R. and Wood, R.C., 2016. Sustainability challenges and opportunities arising from the owner-operator split in hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,54, pp.35-42. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). 2012. Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Mueller, E.F. and Jungwirth, C., 2016. What drives the effectiveness of industrial clusters? Exploring the impact of contextual, structural and functioning determinants.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,28(5-6), pp.424-447. Palich, L. and Reed, M., 2016, January. Hotel Belmar: Can an Eco Hotel Be Financially Sustainable?. InUnited States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings(p. FJ1). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A. 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Raguseo, E. and Vitari, C., 2017. The Effect of Brand on the Impact of e-WOM on Hotels Financial Performance.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,21(2), pp.249-269. Reynolds, D., Creemers, B., Nesselrodt, P. S., Shaffer, E. C., Stringfield, S., Teddlie, C. (Eds.). 2014. Advances in school effectiveness research and practice. Elsevier. Robson, C. 2011. Real world research: a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. Chichester: Wiley. Rodrguez Bolvar, M.P., Navarro Galera, A., Alcaide Muoz, L. and Lpez Subirs, M.D., 2016. Risk factors and drivers of financial sustainability in local government: An empirical study.Local Government Studies,42(1), pp.29-51. Sez-Martnez, F.J., Lefebvre, G., Hernndez, J.J. and Clark, J.H., 2016. Drivers of sustainable cleaner production and sustainable energy options.Journal of Cleaner Production,138, pp.1-7. Shkurkin, D.V., Sogacheva, O.V., Logvencheva, E.S. and Khramova, M.N., 2016. Modernization of the Sphere of Tourist and Hospitality Industry of the South of Russia as a Growth Factor of Socio-economic Stability of the Region.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(1S), pp.101-106. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Tsaur, S.H., Yen, C.H. and Ku, P.S., 2016. An evaluation framework for the sustainable operation of leisure farms.Leisure Studies, pp.1-13. Xu, X. and Gursoy, D., 2015. A conceptual framework of sustainable hospitality supply chain management.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(3), pp.229-259.

Crisis Impact on Sustainability Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Crisis Impact on Sustainability Reporting. Answer: Introduction This study aims to identify the actual liabilities of the auditors in the current as well as past business context. In the beginning, the study focuses on the liabilities of the auditors in the general context. After that, the discussion in the study moves towards the liabilities that the auditors in the business organizations had during the global financial crisis. During the discussion, special emphasis is made on the incident of Lehman Brothers collapse during the global financial crisis in 2008. Critical analysis is made on the situation in order to identify the issues or loopholes that the auditors must avoid during auditing. Discussing on the concept of auditors liability In the words of Hall, Judd and Sunder (2016), the auditors in a business organization are liable for the providing the assurance that the financial and other operational information provided by the organization are true and fair. At the same time, the auditors of the companies are also liable to prevent any kind of financial fraud within the companies. The financial experts says that auditing is the essential work, which provides the assurance that the financial reports of the companies are disclosing true and fair view of the companies financial positions. Whittle, Mueller and Carter (2016) noted an auditor must be completely aware of the liabilities of detecting the financial frauds and mistakes in the financial reports of the firms. An auditor is liable for conducting mainly two types of audits internal audit and statutory audit. Though, in these two types of audits, the liabilities of the auditors are not different. In the internal audit, the auditors liability is to investigate or check the financial and operational documents and reports of the particular departments in the organization. The internal audit can be divided into three sub-categories product audit, process audit and system audit (Chen, Krishnan and Yu 2016). In case of product audit, the auditors check whether the products of the company are as per the required quality or not. In the process audit, the auditors check the operational process within the organization and in case of the system audit, the auditing is done on the management system. On the other side, in case of the statutory audit, the auditors are liable to check the financial reports and other operational documents of the company at the end of the financial year (Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi 2013). The statutory audit can be done on periodic basis. According to Antonia Garca-Benau, Sierra-Garcia and Zorio (2013), auditing is one of the most important activities for the business organization. Hence, the liability of the auditor is huge in case of maintaining the sustainability of the organizations. General liabilities of the auditors According to Sikka (2015), an auditor is liable for planning and executing the audit program in order to identify whether the financial statements presented by the company includes any misinterpretation or not. The auditor is also liable for providing personal opinion regarding the financial position and reporting standards of the company. Many times people think that fraud detection is the only liability that auditors have, but in actual sense auditors have many other responsibilities or liabilities like, identifying the risks involved in the financial statements or reports of the company, providing the guidance to the companies regarding the accounting techniques and expressing their views regarding the financial position of the company (Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi 2013). An auditor is liable for conducting different kinds of activities. In order to perform the proper auditing, the auditors must take care of the following liabilities: An auditor is one of the most liable persons for maintaining the transparency level in the financial reporting of the company. The auditors must investigate about the organization and its business activities by asking several questions to the employees and management personnel of the company. At the same time, the auditors are also liable for understanding the internal control system of the company through proper investigation (Hall, Judd and Sunder 2016). It is the liability of the auditors to perform an examination in order to verify each transaction took place within the company in a particular financial year. Along with the financial statements, the auditors are also responsible for testing the other documents related to the other business activities of the company. The auditors also require examining the supporting documents for financial reports or statements (Ntim, Lindop and Thomas 2013). The auditors of a company are also liable for confirming the reliability of each of the ledger accounts in the financial records of the company. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that therefore several activities for which the auditors of the companies are liable. The above mentioned responsibilities make the job of auditing critical but it helps providing proper assurance to the company regarding their financial position in a financial year. Global financial crisis and auditors liability In the above discussion, it has been identified that in a business organization, the auditors have huge liability and the future of the business depends on the extent to which the auditors are aware of their liabilities. However, in this context Sikka (2015) stated that the business organizations may face several problems if the auditors do not play active role in the field of auditing. If the incident of global financial crisis in 2008 is considered, then it can be identified that many financial experts have stated that the big audit firms like, KPMG, PWC and Deloitte were responsible for the global financial crisis. In the words of Garca-Benau, Sierra-Garcia and Zorio (2013), the big audit firms played their role within the legal boundary but that was not up to the standard or as per the requirements. In support of this, Ntim, Lindop and Thomas (2013) noted that the global financial crisis took place because of weak communication between the large audit firms. The audit firms, which were responsible for the audit in banks, did not share important information regarding the financial positions of the banks in UK. On the contrary, Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi (2013) commented that auditors were not primarily responsible for the global financial crisis or financial crisis in the banks in UK and USA. The financial crisis primarily took place because of the wrong decisions taken by the banks regarding the lending and investing, wrong understanding regarding the risk factors and wrong credit rating system. Though the auditing firms or the auditors were not primarily responsible for the global financial crisis, still it cannot be said that the auditors played their role actively. After the global financial crisis in 2008, the head of PwC, US stated that the auditors of the companies before the financial crisis should have guided the companies regarding the improvements of the financial reporting. At the same time, Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi (2013) mentioned that before the financial crisis, the auditors also showed less effort on analyzing the valuations techniques applied by the banks and other large financial organizations. Before the financial crisis, the large banks in US and UK held huge amount of questionable assets like, collateralized obligations on the balance sheet or mortgage-backed securities. However, the auditors did not bother to check those questionable assets and their valuation techniques and guide the banks in order to improve their actual financial positions (Chen, Krishnan and Yu 2016). In the investigation after the global financial crisis, it has been identified that during the crisis period, most of the banks and other financial institutions valued their assets as per their own models. Though the banks and financial institutions were audited by the same audit firm, the audit firm did not mention anything about the differences in the assets valuation models of the organizations. For example, Goldman and AIG both valued their assets in their own assets valuation models and faced huge losses during the crisis. These two organizations were audited by the same audit firm that is PwC, bu t PwC did not mention that two firms were following different assets valuation models (Ft.com 2017). Therefore, the above discussion is indicating that in the legal sense, the job of the audit firm was proper during the financial crisis but technically the job done by the audit firms had loopholes. These loopholes in the activities of the audit firms took place because of the negligence. The negligence of the audit firms influenced the global financial crisis to high extent. The situation can be better understood if the case of any particular company during the crisis period is considered. Below, the analysis is done based on the particular case of Lehman Brothers collapse during the period of global financial crisis. Analyzing the liability of auditors in the collapse of Lehman Brothers In the above discussion, it has been identified that the negligence of the auditors was one of the major reasons behind the global financial crisis. If the particular case of Lehman Brothers is considered, then it can be identified that the auditor of Lehman Brothers was Ernst Young. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, it has been argued by many financial analysts or experts that Ernst Young has not shown proper professionalism while auditing the financial reports of Lehman Brothers. However, in this context, Wiggins, Bennett and Metrick (2014) stated that before the global financial crisis, it was approved by the government that auditors of any firm will have limited liabilities. The audit firms were engaged with the organizations as per the LLP law. This particular law allowed the audit firms taking the liability of their client firms only to certain extent. Jones and Presley (2013) commented that the limited liability partnership actually influenced the negligence of the audit firms. In the investigation, it was identified that the financial interpretation done by Lehman Brothers was not proper. However, Ernst Young failed rather neglected this factor. At the same time, Kershaw and Moorhead (2013) noted that the structure of the business activities of the company was much complex as well as low standard, but the audit firm that is Ernst Young did not suggest anything to the company. Wiggins and Metrick (2014) argued that Lehman Brothers showed healthier financial position by misinterpreting the financial statement. This was not a tough job for Ernst Young identifying the factor that the financial statements of Lehman Brothers were misinterpreted. Wiggins, Piontek and Metrick (2014) commented that the tactics applied by Lehman Brother to hide their actual financial position were known to Ernst Young, but the audit firm did not bother to investigate further on the financial reporting standards applied by Lehman Brother. Due to this, the Repo 105 used by the firm was not disclosed. However, Mahon (2015) mentioned that it is not right to consider Ernst Young responsible for the collapse of Lehman Brothers because the audit firm that is Ernst Young checked the financial reporting of Lehman Brothers and it was identified by the firm that Lehman Brothers prepared and presented by financial reports as per the rules and regulations in GAAP (Generally Accepted Account ing Principles) (The Guardian 2017). However, on the contrary, Lubben and Woo (2014) stated that certain reduction in the gearing ratio of Lehman Brothers by 0.9 should have captured the attention of Ernst Young regarding the financial reporting of the company. In support of this, Presley and Jones (2014) noted that no questions were raised from the end of Ernst Young regarding the sudden change in the gearing ratio of the company. At the same time, Gottschalk (2015) suggested that the regulatory framework in the country in respect to accounting and finance was much weak, which created the scope of doing financial fraudulence by different large financial and other institutions or organizations. In the analysis of the particular case of Lehman Brothers collapse, it can be said that the audit firm or Ernst Young performed their job without taking any actual responsibility. The overall aim of auditing was not met by Ernst Young. After auditing, it is the duty of the auditors to provide their opinion regarding the financial reporting and financial statements of the company (Nguyen 2016). The auditor can provide the opinion only after checking each document of the company carefully. However, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and global financial crisis, it has been mentioned by the governments of different countries that while auditing the financial statements and reports of any company, it is the duty of the auditors to check each transaction in detail. The responsibility of the auditors is not limited to the certain extent. It is possible that though the companies have followed the rules and regulations stated under GAAP, there are misinterpretations or manipulation of t he financial statements (Lwaltd.com 2017). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the auditors to provide their opinion after checking the financial information of the company thoroughly. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that the audit company Ernst Young was partially liable for the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Ernst Young did not fulfill the requirements of auditing properly. If the auditor would have done critical examination of the financial statements of Lehman Brothers, then it could identify the financial misstatements or manipulations done by the company. This particular case of Lehman Brothers indicates that the responsibility of the auditors is not limited; the auditors are responsible for each financial activity done by the client company. Conclusion: In this study, it has been identified that an auditor has huge liabilities. The liability of the auditor is not limited to fraud detection; the auditor is liable for maintaining strong internal control system and at the same time providing best financial suggestions to the company. During the discussion, the study has identified that there are mainly two types of audit that the auditors generally do statutory audit and internal audit. The study has also indicated that the liability of the auditor is not different in case of statutory audit and internal audit. The study has also identified several general liabilities of auditors and some of those liabilities or responsibilities are detecting the financial frauds or misstatements in the financial statements of the company, checking the internal control system of the company and suggesting the company proper financial reporting standards. At the same time, the study has also identified that auditors were liable for the global financial crisis during 2008. The study has found out that in case of Lehman Brothers collapse, the audit firm of the company that is Ernst Young was partially responsible. This is because the Ernst Young did not check properly the financial statements or reporting of the company. There were several signs, which were indicating the manipulations in the financial statement; however, Ernst Young ignored those. Recommendations: The above discussions in the study provide the following recommendations: Every audit firm must conduct critical analysis of each of the transaction taken place in the client company. The audit firm must raise questions to the management of the client company if any suspicious or unusual thing happens or noted in the financial statements. The audit firm must check the assets valuation model of each client company. Reference list: Antonia Garca-Benau, M., Sierra-Garcia, L. and Zorio, A., 2013. Financial crisis impact on sustainability reporting.Management decision,51(7), pp.1528-1542. Chen, L., Krishnan, G.V. and Yu, W., 2016. The Relation between Audit Fee Cuts during the Global Financial Crisis and Earnings Quality and Audit Quality. Ft.com. 2017. [online] Available at: https:///www.ft.com [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Geiger, M.A., Raghunandan, K. and Riccardi, W., 2013. The global financial crisis: US bankruptcies and going-concern audit opinions.Accounting Horizons,28(1), pp.59-75. Gottschalk, P., 2015. Private internal reports as evidence in court: The case of Stangeskovene investigation in Norway. Hall, C., Judd, J.S. and Sunder, J., 2016. The Role of Auditor Portfolios: Evidence from the Financial Crisis.Available at SSRN 2766448. Jones, B. and Presley, T., 2013. Law and accounting: did Lehman Brothers use of repo 105 transactions violate accounting and legal rules?.Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues,16(2), p.55. Kershaw, D. and Moorhead, R., 2013. Consequential Responsibility for Client Wrongs: Lehman Brothers and the Regulation of the Legal Profession.The Modern Law Review,76(1), pp.26-61. Lubben, S.J. and Woo, S.P., 2014. Reconceptualizing Lehman.Tex. Int'l LJ,49, p.297. Lwaltd.com. 2017. Accounting Services Manchester, Sale Warrington | LWA Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.lwaltd.com/ [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Mahon, K., 2015. Ernst Youngs Involvement with Lehman Brothers Downfall. Nguyen, T.N., 2016. Preventing Corporate Fiascos: Corporate Oversight Organization Unit. InPreventing Corporate Fiascos(pp. 101-107). Palgrave Macmillan US. Ntim, C.G., Lindop, S. and Thomas, D.A., 2013. Corporate governance and risk reporting in South Africa: A study of corporate risk disclosures in the pre-and post-2007/2008 global financial crisis periods.International Review of Financial Analysis,30, pp.363-383. Presley, T.J. and Jones, B., 2014. Lehman Brothers: The Case Against Self-Regulation.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,11(2), p.11. Sikka, P., 2015, March. The corrosive effects of neoliberalism on the UK financial crises and auditing practices: A dead-end for reforms. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 1-18). Elsevier. The Guardian. 2017. News, sport and opinion from the Guardian's US edition | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Whittle, A., Mueller, F. and Carter, C., 2016. The Big Fourin the spotlight: Accountability and professional legitimacy in the UK audit market.Journal of Professions and Organization, p.jow001. Wiggins, R.Z. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy C: Managing the Balance Sheet through the Use of Repo 105.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study. Wiggins, R.Z., Bennett, R.L. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy D: The Role of Ernst Young.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study. Wiggins, R.Z., Piontek, T. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy A: Overview.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study.

The Great Gatsby And The American Dreams Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby And The American Dreams Essay The American Dream’s most basic definition is that anyone from any beginning could achieve wealth and status. Gangsters rose to power, taking advantage of Prohibition and turning to bootlegging turning a pretty profit. Immigrants from all over Europe used this as motivation to find a better life in America. This idea of â€Å"rags to riches† is portrayed in The Great Gatsby and is the primary ideology of The Roaring 20s. Booze, money, and corruption. The embodiment of The Roaring 20s. 1920, Congress shocks the world passing the Volstead Act, banning alcohol causing the start of the infamous Prohibition. Bootlegging became a get rich quick scheme, speakeasies popped up on every street corner, and powerful politicians were accepting bribes from anyone who could pay. The president became a figure head with all the power belonging to corrupt officials and gangsters. The 1920s was a notorious period of unrest in the United States. What was thought to be healthy for America, Prohibition increased alcohol consumption and the corruption rate was the highest it has ever been with half of America’s politicians accepting back door bribes and illegal drinking. We will write a custom essay on The Great Gatsby And The American Dreams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to The 1920’s, â€Å"Prohibition allowed for a huge black market dominated by criminal groups. Each big city had its local crime syndicate.† (Wukovitz 11) It presented such a massive problem that Al Capone had total control of Chicago. All of the city officials were either too frightened to contest him or were under Capone’s rule. These infamous gangsters were above the law and ruled urban cities with an iron fist. Speakeasies, the nightclubs of the 1920s, were the face of the Roaring 20s. Robert Benchley says, â€Å"There were thirty-eight speakeasies on East Fifty Second Street alon. . while turning a pretty profit. With the rise of the speakeasies, the need for alcohol also rose to supply them. Many turned to bootlegging, the making and distribution of illegal alcohol as their â€Å"get rich quick† token. In Fitzgerald’s novel the people who attend Gatsby’s party are enjoying their own version of the American Dream, having a good time and living in the moment. Of course, there is the classic example portrayed through Gatsby of an impoverished individual turned successful through his own means.Portrayed in The Great Gatsby, the idea of â€Å"rags to riches† is the primary ideology of The Roaring 20s. Living life to the fullest and having a good time was a staple of this time. People could build up a new identity for themselves whether it be from illegal or honest means. People could achieve their idea of their American Dream with hard work and dedication.

Why Would You Like To Be Part Of A Sample Essay?

Why Would You Like To Be Part Of A Sample Essay?If you are ever asked to write a sample essay, it is often very likely that the question you will be asked is about why you want to be part of such a course. It is natural to be eager when a stranger asks you to write an essay. So let us briefly explain the purpose of this essay.A sample essay is basically used for an academic discussion. A lot of students are usually subjected to a long lecture where they are forced to discuss a specific topic for an entire class period. This is just one way in which teachers try to teach their students the subject of the class.However, it is also important to note that no matter how well a teacher explains a particular subject to his or her students, there is a possibility that there may be a small group of students who do not understand the material well enough. Such students would then want to know why they are being penalized for not understanding the topic well enough. As a result, the teacher wou ld require a student to write an essay that they can actually understand.Now this is just a guess, but the faculty of the school where you are studying would probably appoint a teacher to be in charge of all aspects of the classroom teaching, including the students. There are students who are really bright and they are at the top of their class, but are not able to keep up with their study schedule. The second most probable group would be the ones who struggle because of a lack of focus. The final two types of students are those who would have problems finishing the assignment on time due to lack of concentration.The purpose of a sample essay is to give everyone who reads it an idea about why they would want to do it. If you are interested in getting into a course which is related to writing but do not have any prior experience, it is very helpful to do a couple of practice essays. It will help you avoid putting in unnecessary information into your essay or providing a lot of unnece ssary details which are superfluous.If you can produce a quality essay, then you will be automatically considered for the first choice for this sort of course. On the other hand, if you fail to get a position, you can submit your essay as an alternative. If you feel you have some weaknesses which will disqualify you from doing the course, then by all means, mention them.Remember that although a quality essay will impress the professors, your main purpose is to learn how to effectively communicate on the subject of your paper, and this academic debate is the perfect venue for learning these things. Remember, that to be successful in any subject, it is essential to take an interest in it. Taking part in debates and discussions is just one way of making this happen.So if you are asked to write a sample essay, remember that it is to help you learn more about your chosen subject. Do not just accept this paper as a test, but consider that it will give you the chance to learn something fro m it which can then be applied in real life situations.

Huck Finn Essays (2931 words) - English-language Films, Free Essays

Huck Finn Essays (2931 words) - English-language Films, Free Essays Huck Finn The narrator (later identified as Huckleberry Finn) begins Chapter One by stating that the reader may know of him from another book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mr. Mark Twain, but it ain't t no matter if you have not. According to Huck, Twain mostly told the truth, with some stretchers thrown in, though everyoneexcept Tom's Aunt Polly, the widow, and maybe Marylies once in a while. The other book ended with Tom and Huckleberry finding the gold some robbers had hidden in a cave. They got six thousand dollars apiece, which Judge Thatcher put in trust, so that they each got a dollar a day from interest. The Widow Douglas adopted and tried to civilise Huck. But Huck couldn't stand it so he threw on his old rags and ran away. But he went back when Tom Sawyer told him he could join his new band of robbers if he would return to the Widow and be respectable. The Widow lamented over her failure with Huck, tried to stuff him into cramped clothing, and before every meal had to grumble over the food before they could eat it. She tried to teach him about Moses, until Huck found out he was dead and lost interest. Meanwhile, she would not let him smoke; typically, she disapproved of it because she had never tried it, but approved of snuff since she used it herself. Her slim sister who wears glasses, Miss Watson, tried to give him spelling lessons. Meanwhile, Huck was going stir-crazy, made especially restless by the sisters' constant reminders to improve his behavior. When Miss Watson told him about the bad place, Hell, he burst out that he would like to go there, as a change of scenery. Secretly, Huck really does not see the point in going to the good place and resolved then not to bother trying to get there. When Huck asked, Miss Watson told him there was no chance Tom Sawyer would end up in Heaven. Huck was glad because I wanted him and me to be together. One night, after Miss Watson's prayer session with him and the slaves, Huck goes to bed feeling so lonesome I wished I was dead. He gets shivers hearing the sounds of nature through his window. Huck accidentally flicks a spider into a candle, and is frightened by the bad omen. Just after midnight, Huck hears movement below the window, and a me-yow sound, that he responds to with another me-yow. Climbing out the window onto the shed, Huck finds Tom Sawyer waiting for him. Commentary In a few short dense pages, Twain manages to accomplish a great deal. Most importantly, the two introductory notes and the first chapter establish the author's use of humor and irony, the character of Huckleberry Finn, the novel's theme, narration, and the use of dialect. One hateful word the characters use has brought occasional condemnation onto the book and its author. The characters of the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson are also established. As well, the author establishes that the reader needs no familiarity with his previous work, Tom Sawyer, to understand Huckleberry Finn, though he fills the reader in on the pertinent information from the previous work. The brief Notice that introduces the book has been reprinted above in its entirety. In humorously highfalutin language, it states that the reader must not seek plot, moral, or motive the last two of which likely correspond to the present-day concepts of theme and character development. Of course, what the author really means by this notice is that the book does in fact contain all these thingsthat it is more than just a children's, adventure, or humor book. Twain is using irony, saying one thing but meaning the opposite of its literal definition. He is using this irony humorously, covering this declaration of the book's seriousness in a joke. The joke pokes fun at the seriousness of adult American society, with its rules and officials, especially with the citation to G.G., Chief of Ordinance. Twain will use humor and irony throughout the book, most often combining the two. Indeed, humor usually occurs as a result of irony, with the gap between the expected and the actual provoking a

Analysing The Effects Of Ddt Environmental Sciences Essay

Analysing The Effects Of Ddt Environmental Sciences Essay DDT is a white, solid, crystalline powder with no taste or odor. DDT (C14H9C15) is derived from reaction between chloral and chlorobenzene in presence of fumes of sulfuric acid. DDT is insoluble in water and it is soluble in organic solvents such as, fats and oils. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an organochlorine pesticide widely used to control mosquito and insects that carry diseases like malaria, typhus, and other harmful diseases and pest in agriculture (Martin, 2008; Raghavendra et al., 2010). DDT was banned in the U.S. in 1972 because it was identified to cause damage in birds and other wildlife, but it is still used in some developing countries (Bhuiyan et al., 2008). It is still present in environment due to current use in other countries. DDT and its breakdown products (DDE and DDD) can easily break down by sunlight, but they are very hard to dissolve in soil. DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) and DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) are two major metabolites and breakdown products of DDT. DDD was also known as pesticide, but it was banned whereas DDE does not have any commercial use (Eskenazi et al., 2009). DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler. In 1940, DDT was first used to treat Dutch elm disease. DDT was majorly used in World War II to protect troop and civilians from diseases. In 1939, Paul Mueller discovered DDT as insecticide and he won the Nobel Prize in 1948 for it. After this, people started using DDT as pesticide for their home, agriculture purpose and in gardens (Eskenazi et al., 2008). However, DDT started to cause diseases during this time and this increases public concern to Rachel Carsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Silent Spring. Rachel Carsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Silent Spring was published in 1962, which contains environmental impacts of DDT in the US (ATSDR, 2002; Eskenazi et al., 2008; Martin, 2008). DDT is strongly absorbed by soil and remains there for long period of time (Bhuiyan et al., 2008). They released f rom soil by various types of reactions such as, runoff, photolysis, aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation and volatilization (van den Berg, 2009). In surface water, DDT will bind to particles that are present in the water and sediments. DDT is taken up by small organisms and fish from the water and then bioaccumulate in organisms to higher trophic levels. DDT deposited into the adipose tissues and fats in organisms. DDT shows bioaccumulation and biomagnification as it has lypophilic property (Bhuiyan et al., 2008). In 1950s, first evidence of DDT toxicity in bald eagles, robins, osprey, pelicans, peregrine falcon, and fish-eating mammals was observed (Xiao et al., 2008; DDT: An Introduction, 1996; Martin, 2008). Objectives This paper has five objectives: (1) To discuss the sources and main causes of DDT; (2) To discuss its mechanism of action as insecticide or pesticide; (3) To discuss the health problems and toxicological effects associated with DDT; (4) To discuss the environmental impacts of DDT; (5) To discuss control measures and various methods of dealing with DDT sources and problems. DDT in the Environment DDT is not soluble in water but it can form strong bonding with soil particles. DDT is still present in environment in soils that were exposed to DDT during earlier time. DDT is a volatile so it can be transported and evaporated as a gas. DDT is not commonly found in groundwater because it is less soluble in water and it will more likely to bound with soil particles rather than water molecule (ATSDR, 2002; Walker, M., Powell, P., 2003; van den Berg, 2009).